TY - JOUR
T1 - Response of sensitive and resistant snap bean genotypes to nighttime ozone concentration
AU - Lloyd, Kirsten L.
AU - Davis, Donald D.
AU - Marini, Richard P.
AU - Decoteau, Dennis R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Received for publication 13 Aug. 2019. Accepted for publication 11 June 2020. Published online 24 September 2020. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04564, Accession number 1002837; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Quality; Harrisburg, PA; the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station; and the Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University. We thank Scott DiLoreto, Jim Savage, and Jon Ferdinand for technical expertise; Dr. Kent Burkey for providing seed and expertise; Dr. Rick Bates and Dr. Amy Huff for reviewing the manuscript; and Emily Isaacs, Alexis Dolby, and Michael Potts for greenhouse assistance. K.L.L. is the corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, American Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 HR) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of’45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at’150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of’100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttimeO3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol_mL2_sL1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol_mL2_sL1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.
AB - Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 HR) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of’45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at’150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of’100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttimeO3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol_mL2_sL1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol_mL2_sL1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.
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U2 - 10.21273/JASHS04808-19
DO - 10.21273/JASHS04808-19
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85096102615
SN - 0003-1062
VL - 145
SP - 331
EP - 339
JO - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
JF - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
IS - 6
ER -