Revolutionizing Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes: Innovations and Economic Potential

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made remarkable strides, positioning themselves as a leading technology in the pursuit of efficient and affordable renewable energy. A critical bottleneck of their continued advancement is electrode material, which plays an important role in determining both device efficiency and stability. Carbon-based electrodes have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional metal counterparts, offering several key benefits, including lower production costs, environmental-friendly, and improved long-term stability. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the material compatibility, durability challenges and recent advancements in PSCs with carbon electrodes. By exploring innovative approaches and breakthroughs, we aim to pave a way for the future development of high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable perovskite photovoltaics.