TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk and factors determining diabetes after mild, nonnecrotizing acute pancreatitis
AU - Pichardo-Lowden, Ariana
AU - Goodarzi, Mark O.
AU - Trikudanathan, Guru
AU - Serrano, Jose
AU - Dungan, Kathleen M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/9/1
Y1 - 2024/9/1
N2 - Purpose of reviewDiabetes mellitus (DM) is relatively common following acute pancreatitis (AP), even after mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), the most frequent AP presentation, in which there is no overt beta cell injury. Post-AP related diabetes is widely misdiagnosed, resulting in potentially inappropriate treatment and worse outcomes than type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, it is important to understand risk across the spectrum of AP severity.Recent findingsBiological mechanisms are unclear and may include local and systemic inflammation leading to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, altered gut barrier and/or gut peptides and possibly islet autoimmunity, though no studies have specifically focused on MAP. While studies examining clinical risk factors on MAP exclusively are lacking, there are studies which include MAP. These studies vary in scientific rigor, approaches to rule out preexisting diabetes, variable AP severity, diagnostic testing methods, and duration of follow-up. Overall, disease related factors, including AP severity, as well as established T2D risk factors are reported to contribute to the risk for DM following AP.SummaryThough numerous studies have explored risk factors for DM after AP, few studies specifically focused on MAP, highlighting a key knowledge gap that is relevant to the majority of patients with AP.
AB - Purpose of reviewDiabetes mellitus (DM) is relatively common following acute pancreatitis (AP), even after mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), the most frequent AP presentation, in which there is no overt beta cell injury. Post-AP related diabetes is widely misdiagnosed, resulting in potentially inappropriate treatment and worse outcomes than type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, it is important to understand risk across the spectrum of AP severity.Recent findingsBiological mechanisms are unclear and may include local and systemic inflammation leading to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, altered gut barrier and/or gut peptides and possibly islet autoimmunity, though no studies have specifically focused on MAP. While studies examining clinical risk factors on MAP exclusively are lacking, there are studies which include MAP. These studies vary in scientific rigor, approaches to rule out preexisting diabetes, variable AP severity, diagnostic testing methods, and duration of follow-up. Overall, disease related factors, including AP severity, as well as established T2D risk factors are reported to contribute to the risk for DM following AP.SummaryThough numerous studies have explored risk factors for DM after AP, few studies specifically focused on MAP, highlighting a key knowledge gap that is relevant to the majority of patients with AP.
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U2 - 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001055
DO - 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001055
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38935336
AN - SCOPUS:85200841515
SN - 0267-1379
VL - 40
SP - 396
EP - 403
JO - Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
JF - Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
IS - 5
ER -