RNA and beta;-hemolysin of group B streptococcus induce interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse macrophages

The inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is critical for host responses against many human pathogens. Here, we define Group B Strep-tococcus (GBS)-mediated activation of the Nod-like receptor-P3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages. NLRP3 activation requires GBS expression of the cytolytic toxin, β-hemolysin, lysosomal acidification, and leakage. These processes allow the interaction of GBS RNA with cytosolic NLRP3. The present study supports a model in which GBS RNA, along with lysosomal components including cathepsins, leaks out of lysosomes and interacts with NLRP3 to induce IL-1β production.