Roadmap for densification in cold sintering: Chemical pathways

Arnaud Ndayishimiye, Mert Y. Sengul, Takao Sada, Sinan Dursun, Sun Hwi Bang, Zane A. Grady, Kosuke Tsuji, Shuichi Funahashi, Adri C.T. van Duin, Clive A. Randall

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

48 Scopus citations

Abstract

The cold sintering process (CSP) is a technique that enables densification of ceramics and composites at extremely low temperatures (T ​< ​400 ​°C) with the application of a uniaxial pressure and a transient solvent. At the laboratory scale, comparing direct sintering methods relative to CSP evidences that the latter could enable a sustainable eco-manufacturing path with considerable energy and emission savings, as well as fast processing times. Thus far, cold sintering has been applied to different materials, compounds, solid solutions, and functional composites, pointing to multiple future opportunities. This paper summarizes some of the transient phase selections, different chemical approaches and subtle chemical reactions with the powders which can be used to drive the cold sintering processes in many important ceramics and composites. In doing so, this paper highlights some of the reasons why the fundamental understanding of CSP mechanisms remains challenging, but classification of the pathways as outlined here should aid progress towards a more comprehensive understanding.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number100019
JournalOpen Ceramics
Volume2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2020

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Biomaterials
  • Ceramics and Composites
  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Materials Chemistry

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