Sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall chemistry beneath a mixed hardwood forest

K. M. Kostelnik; J. A. Lynch; J. W. Grimm; E. S. Corbett

doi:10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800030005x

Sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall chemistry beneath a mixed hardwood forest

K. M. Kostelnik, J. A. Lynch, J. W. Grimm, E. S. Corbett

Institute of Energy and the Environment (IEE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

58 Scopus citations

Abstract

Six rainfall events were intensively sampled below a mixed hard-wood forest canopy in central Pennsylvania to determine sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall volumes and ionic concentrations. Evaluation of the ionic parameters of throughfall revealed that the concentrations of most major ions were nonnormally distributed. Differences in the distributions of concentrations were found to occur between ions as well as between storms. Significant departures from normality were mainly due to right-skewness. Only H⁺ exhibited a left skewed sample distribution. None of the basic transformations were effective in normalizing all parameters. A high degree of spatial variability was observed for each of the chemical parameters. Nitrate and hydrogen ions (NO₃ ^- and H⁺), were found to be the least variable, whereas vegetatively mobile ions such as K⁺ and Mg²⁺ exhibited the greatest variability. -from Authors

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	274-280
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Environmental Quality
Volume	18
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800030005x
State	Published - 1989

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Environmental Engineering
Water Science and Technology
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800030005x

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title = "Sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall chemistry beneath a mixed hardwood forest",

abstract = "Six rainfall events were intensively sampled below a mixed hard-wood forest canopy in central Pennsylvania to determine sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall volumes and ionic concentrations. Evaluation of the ionic parameters of throughfall revealed that the concentrations of most major ions were nonnormally distributed. Differences in the distributions of concentrations were found to occur between ions as well as between storms. Significant departures from normality were mainly due to right-skewness. Only H+ exhibited a left skewed sample distribution. None of the basic transformations were effective in normalizing all parameters. A high degree of spatial variability was observed for each of the chemical parameters. Nitrate and hydrogen ions (NO3 - and H+), were found to be the least variable, whereas vegetatively mobile ions such as K+ and Mg2+ exhibited the greatest variability. -from Authors",

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AU - Kostelnik, K. M.

AU - Lynch, J. A.

AU - Grimm, J. W.

AU - Corbett, E. S.

PY - 1989

Y1 - 1989

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AB - Six rainfall events were intensively sampled below a mixed hard-wood forest canopy in central Pennsylvania to determine sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall volumes and ionic concentrations. Evaluation of the ionic parameters of throughfall revealed that the concentrations of most major ions were nonnormally distributed. Differences in the distributions of concentrations were found to occur between ions as well as between storms. Significant departures from normality were mainly due to right-skewness. Only H+ exhibited a left skewed sample distribution. None of the basic transformations were effective in normalizing all parameters. A high degree of spatial variability was observed for each of the chemical parameters. Nitrate and hydrogen ions (NO3 - and H+), were found to be the least variable, whereas vegetatively mobile ions such as K+ and Mg2+ exhibited the greatest variability. -from Authors

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Sample size requirements for estimation of throughfall chemistry beneath a mixed hardwood forest

Abstract

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