@inproceedings{58a9569e90dc425da9e09aad4ecc6787,
title = "Sensing for monitoring of the laser-GMAW hybrid welding process",
abstract = "Laser-GMAW hybrid welding is an increasingly accepted technology for a variety of commercial applications, from industries as diverse as shipbuilding to automobile manufacture. As applications become more widespread, there will be a growing need to cost-effectively monitor the process in order to ensure consistent high quality. To address this growing need, a suite of sensors were used to monitor the laser-GMAW hybrid welding process, while intentionally introducing a variety of process perturbations. Process outputs that were monitored include the GMAW voltage and current, as well as the arc-plasma electromagnetic emissions in both the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Intentionally induced process perturbations included fluctuations in GMAW voltage and wire speed, laser angle of incidence, and laser/GMAW separation distance. The sensor data were collected, analyzed, and correlated with macroscopic evaluations of the weld bead geometry and heat-affected-zone. The data reveal a strong correlation between process variation and sensor readings, suggesting a quality control scheme for laser-GMAW hybrid welding that could rely on relatively inexpensive sensors.",
author = "D. Travis and G. Dearden and Watkins, {K. G.} and Reutzel, {E. W.} and Martukanitz, {R. P.} and Tressler, {J. F.}",
year = "2004",
doi = "10.2351/1.5060252",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "0912035773",
series = "ICALEO 2004 - 23rd International Congress on Applications of Laser and Electro-Optics, Congress Proceedings",
publisher = "Laser Institute of America",
booktitle = "ICALEO 2004 - 23rd International Congress on Applications of Laser and Electro-Optics, Congress Proceedings",
address = "United States",
note = "ICALEO 2004 - 23rd International Congress on Applications of Laser and Electro-Optics ; Conference date: 04-10-2004 Through 07-10-2004",
}