TY - JOUR
T1 - Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis amongst livestock and humans in a multi-herd ranch system in Kagera, Tanzania
AU - Lyimo, Beatus
AU - Hugho, Ephrasia
AU - Mathew, Coletha
AU - Mayenga, Charles
AU - Lukambagire, Abdul Hamid
AU - Lyimo, Samson
AU - Munuo, Lidia
AU - Byukusenge, Maurice
AU - Withall, Jodie
AU - Ashford, Roland T.
AU - Mmbaga, Blandina T.
AU - Makondo, Zachariah
AU - McGiven, John
AU - Radzio-Basu, Jessica
AU - Ganda, Erika
AU - Middlebrook, Earl A.
AU - Bartlow, Andrew W.
AU - Fair, Jeanne M.
AU - Shirima, Gabriel
AU - Sriranganathan, Nammalwar
AU - Kazwala, Rudovick R.
AU - Hudson, Peter J.
AU - Cattadori, Isabella M.
AU - Kapur, Vivek
AU - Buza, Joram J.
AU - Katani, Robab
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 Lyimo, Hugho, Mathew, Mayenga, Lukambagire, Lyimo, Munuo, Byukusenge, Withall, Ashford, Mmbaga, Makondo, McGiven, Radzio-Basu, Ganda, Middlebrook, Bartlow, Fair, Shirima, Sriranganathan, Kazwala, Hudson, Cattadori, Kapur, Buza and Katani.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Brucellosis remains a significant health and economic challenge for livestock and humans globally. Despite its public health implications, the factors driving the endemic persistence of Brucella at the human-livestock interface in Tanzania remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in livestock and humans within a ranching system and determine associated risk factors for disease endemicity. Methods: A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in 2023 in Tanzania’s Karagwe District, involving 725 livestock (cattle, goats, sheep) from 10 herds and 112 humans from associated camps. Seroprevalence was assessed using competitive ELISA while epidemiological data were collected via questionnaires. Generalized Linear Models and Contrast Analysis were used to identify risk factors for infection. Results: Overall seroprevalence was 34% in livestock and 41% in humans. Goats exhibited the highest prevalence (69.2%), while cattle had the lowest (22.6%). Mixed-species herds (Odds Ratio, OR = 2.96, CI [1.90–4.60]) and small ruminants-only herds (OR = 6.54, CI [3.65–11.72]) showed a significantly higher risk of seropositivity compared to cattle-only herds. Older cattle (OR = 5.23, CI [2.70–10.10]) and lactating females (OR = 2.87, CI [1.78–4.63]) represented significant risks for brucellosis in livestock. In humans, close contact with animals (OR = 7.20, CI [1.97–36.31]) and handling animals during parturition or aborted fetuses (OR = 2.37, CI [1.01–5.58]) were significant risk factors. Notably, no spatial association was found in seroprevalence between herds and nearby human communities. Conclusion: The lack of spatial correlation between livestock and human seroprevalence suggests complex transmission dynamics, potentially involving endemic circulation in livestock and human infections from multiple sources of exposure to livestock. This study highlights the need for comprehensive zoonotic risk education and targeted intervention strategies. Further research is crucial to elucidate transmission pathways and improve Brucella infection control. This includes developing robust methods for identifying infective species and implementing effective strategies to mitigate Brucella infection in endemic regions.
AB - Background: Brucellosis remains a significant health and economic challenge for livestock and humans globally. Despite its public health implications, the factors driving the endemic persistence of Brucella at the human-livestock interface in Tanzania remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in livestock and humans within a ranching system and determine associated risk factors for disease endemicity. Methods: A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in 2023 in Tanzania’s Karagwe District, involving 725 livestock (cattle, goats, sheep) from 10 herds and 112 humans from associated camps. Seroprevalence was assessed using competitive ELISA while epidemiological data were collected via questionnaires. Generalized Linear Models and Contrast Analysis were used to identify risk factors for infection. Results: Overall seroprevalence was 34% in livestock and 41% in humans. Goats exhibited the highest prevalence (69.2%), while cattle had the lowest (22.6%). Mixed-species herds (Odds Ratio, OR = 2.96, CI [1.90–4.60]) and small ruminants-only herds (OR = 6.54, CI [3.65–11.72]) showed a significantly higher risk of seropositivity compared to cattle-only herds. Older cattle (OR = 5.23, CI [2.70–10.10]) and lactating females (OR = 2.87, CI [1.78–4.63]) represented significant risks for brucellosis in livestock. In humans, close contact with animals (OR = 7.20, CI [1.97–36.31]) and handling animals during parturition or aborted fetuses (OR = 2.37, CI [1.01–5.58]) were significant risk factors. Notably, no spatial association was found in seroprevalence between herds and nearby human communities. Conclusion: The lack of spatial correlation between livestock and human seroprevalence suggests complex transmission dynamics, potentially involving endemic circulation in livestock and human infections from multiple sources of exposure to livestock. This study highlights the need for comprehensive zoonotic risk education and targeted intervention strategies. Further research is crucial to elucidate transmission pathways and improve Brucella infection control. This includes developing robust methods for identifying infective species and implementing effective strategies to mitigate Brucella infection in endemic regions.
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U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1478494
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1478494
M3 - Article
C2 - 39555043
AN - SCOPUS:85209955286
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1478494
ER -
