TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
AU - Krishnan, Sowmya
AU - Fields, David A.
AU - Copeland, Kenneth C.
AU - Blackett, Piers R.
AU - Anderson, Michael P.
AU - Gardner, Andrew W.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by an investigator-initiated grant from Novo-Nordisk (No. C7042301 ). The study sponsor did not have any role in the study design, data analysis, or any other aspect of the manuscript. The authors have indicated that they have no other conflicts of interest regarding the content of this article.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by a General Clinical Research Center grant (No. M01-RR-14467 ) from the National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources . Dr. Krishnan was involved in study design, data collection, data interpretation, literature search, and writing. Dr. Fields helped with study design, data collection, and writing. Drs. Copeland and Blackett helped with study design and writing. Dr. Anderson helped with statistical analysis. Dr. Gardner provided mentorship in study design, data interpretation, and writing.
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - Background: Cardiovascular disease is seen at a younger age and at a higher prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population. It is well described that women with type 1 diabetes have a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease than men with type 1 diabetes, unlike that seen in the general population. The pathophysiology behind this is unknown. Objective: We performed a cross-sectional study to examine sex differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between ages 13 and 20 years, compared with children of a similar age without type 1 diabetes. Methods: All patients underwent a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and a pulse wave test measure of arterial elasticity. Fasting serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein C-III levels were measured in each patient. Twenty-nine children with type 1 diabetes (10 girls, 19 boys) and 37 healthy children (18 girls, 19 boys) participated. Results: Although no sex differences for body mass index (P = 0.91) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.69) were seen, girls with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher percent trunk fat compared with boys (P = 0.004). No sex differences were found (P > 0.05) for percent trunk fat in adolescents without diabetes. There was no sex difference among any other cardiovascular risk factors in either children with or without diabetes. Conclusions: Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes have more centrally distributed fat, which may contribute to their relatively higher cardiovascular disease risk. Attenuation of the central distribution of fat through exercise and dietary modifications may help ameliorate their subsequent cardiovascular disease burden.
AB - Background: Cardiovascular disease is seen at a younger age and at a higher prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population. It is well described that women with type 1 diabetes have a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease than men with type 1 diabetes, unlike that seen in the general population. The pathophysiology behind this is unknown. Objective: We performed a cross-sectional study to examine sex differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between ages 13 and 20 years, compared with children of a similar age without type 1 diabetes. Methods: All patients underwent a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and a pulse wave test measure of arterial elasticity. Fasting serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein C-III levels were measured in each patient. Twenty-nine children with type 1 diabetes (10 girls, 19 boys) and 37 healthy children (18 girls, 19 boys) participated. Results: Although no sex differences for body mass index (P = 0.91) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.69) were seen, girls with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher percent trunk fat compared with boys (P = 0.004). No sex differences were found (P > 0.05) for percent trunk fat in adolescents without diabetes. There was no sex difference among any other cardiovascular risk factors in either children with or without diabetes. Conclusions: Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes have more centrally distributed fat, which may contribute to their relatively higher cardiovascular disease risk. Attenuation of the central distribution of fat through exercise and dietary modifications may help ameliorate their subsequent cardiovascular disease burden.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.genm.2012.05.003
DO - 10.1016/j.genm.2012.05.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 22795492
AN - SCOPUS:84864604389
SN - 1550-8579
VL - 9
SP - 251
EP - 258
JO - Gender Medicine
JF - Gender Medicine
IS - 4
ER -
