Shear reduction of collisional transport: Experiments and theory

Experiments and theory on collisional diffusion and viscosity in quiescent single-species plasmas demonstrate enhanced transport in the two-dimensional (2D) bounce-averaged regime, limited by shear in the plasma rotation. For long plasma columns, the measured diffusion agrees quantitatively with recent theories of three-dimensional long-range E×B drift collisions, and is substantially larger than predicted for classical velocity-scattering collisions. For short plasmas, diffusion is observed to be enhanced by N _b, the number of times a thermal particle bounces axially before being separated by shear. Equivalently, recent theory in the 2D bounce-averaged regime shows how diffusion decreases with increasing shear, generalizing the zero-shear perspective which gives Bohm diffusion. Viscosity is similarly enhanced in the 2D regime, but there is presently only qualitative agreement with theory. These results apply to both non-neutral and neutral plasmas, and provide the first rigorous analysis of shear reduction of transport in a paradigmatic system.