TY - JOUR
T1 - Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific mortality in Wuhan, China
AU - Qian, Zhengmin
AU - He, Qingci
AU - Lin, Hung Mo
AU - Kong, Lingli
AU - Liao, Duanping
AU - Yang, Niannian
AU - Bentley, Christy M.
AU - Xu, Shuangqing
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (4710-RFIQ03-3/04-6). The study was also supported by the Wuhan Academy of Environmental Science and Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the Health Effects Institute or its sponsors. The authors acknowledge Joanne E. Caulfield, Doug Gray, and Erik B. Lehman for their assistance and support.
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - In Asia, limited studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Our previous studies in Wuhan, China, demonstrated long-term air pollution effects. However, no study has been conducted to determine mortality effects of air pollution in this region. This study was to determine the acute mortality effects of the gaseous pollutants in Wuhan, a city with 7.5 million permanent residents during the period from 2000 to 2004. There are approximately 4.5 million residents in Wuhan who live in the city's core area of 201 km2, where air pollution levels are highest, and pollution ranges are wider than the majority of the cities in the published literature. We used the generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. We found consistent NO 2 effects on mortality with the strongest effects on the same day. Every 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 daily concentration on the same day was associated with an increase in nonaccidental (1.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1.99%), cardiovascular (1.65%; 95% CI: 0.87-2.45%), stroke (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.56-2.43%), cardiac (1.77%; 95% CI: 0.44-3.12%), respiratory (2.23%; 95% CI: 0.52-3.96%), and cardiopulmonary mortality (1.60%; 95% CI: 0.85-2.35%). These effects were stronger among the elderly than among the young. Formal examination of exposure-response curves suggests no-threshold linear relationships between daily mortality and NO 2, where the NO2 concentrations ranged from 19.2 to 127.4 μg/m3. SO2 and O3 were not associated with daily mortality. The exposure-response relationships demonstrated heterogeneity, with some curves showing nonlinear relationships for SO2 and O 3. We conclude that there is consistent evidence of acute effects of NO2 on mortality and suggest that a no-threshold linear relationship exists between NO2 and mortality.
AB - In Asia, limited studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Our previous studies in Wuhan, China, demonstrated long-term air pollution effects. However, no study has been conducted to determine mortality effects of air pollution in this region. This study was to determine the acute mortality effects of the gaseous pollutants in Wuhan, a city with 7.5 million permanent residents during the period from 2000 to 2004. There are approximately 4.5 million residents in Wuhan who live in the city's core area of 201 km2, where air pollution levels are highest, and pollution ranges are wider than the majority of the cities in the published literature. We used the generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. We found consistent NO 2 effects on mortality with the strongest effects on the same day. Every 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 daily concentration on the same day was associated with an increase in nonaccidental (1.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1.99%), cardiovascular (1.65%; 95% CI: 0.87-2.45%), stroke (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.56-2.43%), cardiac (1.77%; 95% CI: 0.44-3.12%), respiratory (2.23%; 95% CI: 0.52-3.96%), and cardiopulmonary mortality (1.60%; 95% CI: 0.85-2.35%). These effects were stronger among the elderly than among the young. Formal examination of exposure-response curves suggests no-threshold linear relationships between daily mortality and NO 2, where the NO2 concentrations ranged from 19.2 to 127.4 μg/m3. SO2 and O3 were not associated with daily mortality. The exposure-response relationships demonstrated heterogeneity, with some curves showing nonlinear relationships for SO2 and O 3. We conclude that there is consistent evidence of acute effects of NO2 on mortality and suggest that a no-threshold linear relationship exists between NO2 and mortality.
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U2 - 10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.785
DO - 10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.785
M3 - Article
C2 - 17687993
AN - SCOPUS:34547120206
SN - 1096-2247
VL - 57
SP - 785
EP - 793
JO - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
JF - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
IS - 7
ER -