TY - JOUR
T1 - Signatures of Hydrologic Function Across the Critical Zone Observatory Network
AU - Wlostowski, Adam N.
AU - Molotch, Noah
AU - Anderson, Suzanne P.
AU - Brantley, Susan L.
AU - Chorover, Jon
AU - Dralle, David
AU - Kumar, Praveen
AU - Li, Li
AU - Lohse, Kathleen A.
AU - Mallard, John M.
AU - McIntosh, Jennifer C.
AU - Murphy, Sheila F.
AU - Parrish, Eric
AU - Safeeq, Mohammad
AU - Seyfried, Mark
AU - Shi, Yuning
AU - Harman, Ciaran
N1 - Funding Information:
Much of the data used in this study were provided by sites within the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network, each of which are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation: Boulder Creek (grant number EAR-1331828), Shale Hills (grant number EAR-1331726), Eel River (grant number EAR-1331940), Reynolds Creek (grant number EAR-1331872), Southern Sierra (grant number EAR-1331939), Catalina-Jemez (grant number EAR-1331408), intensively managed landscapes (grant number EAR-1331906), Calhoun (grant number EAR-1331846), and Luquillo (grant number EAR-1331841). The Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, which operates the Kings River Experimental Watersheds, and the Sierra National Forest, provided additional data and support at the Southern Sierra CZO. The USDA Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed provided additional data and support at the Reynolds Creek CZO. Additional monetary support for this research was graciously provided by Timothy White, through National Science Foundation grant number ICER-1445246. Acknowledgement and citation for the parent data sets used in this study are provided within the main text and the supporting information.
Funding Information:
Much of the data used in this study were provided by sites within the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network, each of which are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation: Boulder Creek (grant number EAR‐1331828), Shale Hills (grant number EAR‐1331726), Eel River (grant number EAR‐1331940), Reynolds Creek (grant number EAR‐1331872), Southern Sierra (grant number EAR‐1331939), Catalina‐Jemez (grant number EAR‐1331408), intensively managed landscapes (grant number EAR‐1331906), Calhoun (grant number EAR‐1331846), and Luquillo (grant number EAR‐1331841). The Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, which operates the Kings River Experimental Watersheds, and the Sierra National Forest, provided additional data and support at the Southern Sierra CZO. The USDA Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed provided additional data and support at the Reynolds Creek CZO. Additional monetary support for this research was graciously provided by Timothy White, through National Science Foundation grant number ICER‐1445246. Acknowledgement and citation for the parent data sets used in this study are provided within the main text and the supporting information .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020. The Authors.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Despite a multitude of small catchment studies, we lack a deep understanding of how variations in critical zone architecture lead to variations in hydrologic states and fluxes. This study characterizes hydrologic dynamics of 15 catchments of the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network where we hypothesized that our understanding of subsurface structure would illuminate patterns of hydrologic partitioning. The CZOs collect data sets that characterize the physical, chemical, and biological architecture of the subsurface, while also monitoring hydrologic fluxes such as streamflow, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For the first time, we collate time series of hydrologic variables across the CZO network and begin the process of examining hydrologic signatures across sites. We find that catchments with low baseflow indices and high runoff sensitivity to storage receive most of their precipitation as rain and contain clay-rich regolith profiles, prominent argillic horizons, and/or anthropogenic modifications. In contrast, sites with high baseflow indices and low runoff sensitivity to storage receive the majority of precipitation as snow and have more permeable regolith profiles. The seasonal variability of water balance components is a key control on the dynamic range of hydraulically connected water in the critical zone. These findings lead us to posit that water balance partitioning and streamflow hydraulics are linked through the coevolution of critical zone architecture but that much work remains to parse these controls out quantitatively.
AB - Despite a multitude of small catchment studies, we lack a deep understanding of how variations in critical zone architecture lead to variations in hydrologic states and fluxes. This study characterizes hydrologic dynamics of 15 catchments of the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network where we hypothesized that our understanding of subsurface structure would illuminate patterns of hydrologic partitioning. The CZOs collect data sets that characterize the physical, chemical, and biological architecture of the subsurface, while also monitoring hydrologic fluxes such as streamflow, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For the first time, we collate time series of hydrologic variables across the CZO network and begin the process of examining hydrologic signatures across sites. We find that catchments with low baseflow indices and high runoff sensitivity to storage receive most of their precipitation as rain and contain clay-rich regolith profiles, prominent argillic horizons, and/or anthropogenic modifications. In contrast, sites with high baseflow indices and low runoff sensitivity to storage receive the majority of precipitation as snow and have more permeable regolith profiles. The seasonal variability of water balance components is a key control on the dynamic range of hydraulically connected water in the critical zone. These findings lead us to posit that water balance partitioning and streamflow hydraulics are linked through the coevolution of critical zone architecture but that much work remains to parse these controls out quantitatively.
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U2 - 10.1029/2019WR026635
DO - 10.1029/2019WR026635
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85103221363
SN - 0043-1397
VL - 57
JO - Water Resources Research
JF - Water Resources Research
IS - 3
M1 - e2019WR026635
ER -