@article{fd8bd99f810f4cdd8cb1f8808e1b6875,
title = "Simultaneous transrectal ultrasound and photoacoustic human prostate imaging",
abstract = "Imaging technologies that simultaneously provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information are emerging as an attractive choice for disease screening and management. Since the 1980s, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has been routinely used to visualize prostatic anatomy and guide needle biopsy, despite limited specificity. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides functional and molecular information at ultrasonic resolution based on optical absorption. Combining the strengths of TRUS and PAI approaches, we report the development and bench-to-bedside translation of an integrated TRUS and photoacoustic (TRUSPA) device. TRUSPA uses a miniaturized capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array for simultaneous imaging of anatomical and molecular optical contrasts [intrinsic: hemoglobin; extrinsic: intravenous indocyanine green (ICG)] of the human prostate. Hemoglobin absorption mapped vascularity of the prostate and surroundings, whereas ICG absorption enhanced the intraprostatic photoacoustic contrast. Future work using the TRUSPA device for biomarker-specific molecular imaging may enable a fundamentally new approach to prostate cancer diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic monitoring.",
author = "Kothapalli, {Sri Rajasekhar} and Sonn, {Geoffrey A.} and Choe, {Jung Woo} and Amin Nikoozadeh and Anshuman Bhuyan and Park, {Kwan Kyu} and Paul Cristman and Richard Fan and Azadeh Moini and Lee, {Byung Chul} and Jonathan Wu and Carver, {Thomas E.} and Dharati Trivedi and Lillian Shiiba and Idan Steinberg and Huland, {David M.} and Rasmussen, {Morten F.} and Liao, {Joseph C.} and Brooks, {James D.} and Khuri-Yakub, {Pierre T.} and Gambhir, {Sanjiv S.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank J. Rosenberg for the statistical analysis of ICG patient data. We thank laboratory members of S.S.G. and P.T.K.-Y. for their help and discussions. We thank the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility for their support in the fabrication of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic arrays. Part of the TRUSPA integration design and fabrication work was done in the Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (supported by the NSF, ECCS-1542152). We also extend our thanks to the National Semiconductors for their support in the fabrication of ASICs. We thank K. Merkle and his team in the physics machine shop at Stanford for the fabrication of polycarbonate housing of the TRUSPA device. We thank summer undergraduate interns A. Lei and R. Singh for their assistance in some phantom and mice experiments with TRUSPA. We thank laboratory members of J.C.L. for their assistance in experiments with surgically removed prostates. We thank K. Rupnarayan for help with consenting the PCa patients. We thank A. Karanany for assistance with intravenous ICG experiments and J. Schwimmer for help with proofreading the manuscript. Funding: We acknowledge funding support from NCI ICMIC P50CA114747 (S.S.G.), NCI CCNE-T U54 U54CA151459 (S.S.G.), the Canary Foundation (S.S.G.), RO1HL117740 (P.T.K.-Y.), NIBIB-K99EB017729 (S.-R.K.), NIBIB-R00EB017729-04 (S.-R.K.), the Sir Peter Michael Foundation (S.S.G. and S.-R.K.), Philips Medical (S.S.G.), and T32-CA118681 (D.M.H.). This work was supported in part from a grant by Philips Healthcare (S.S.G.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1126/scitranslmed.aav2169",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
journal = "Science Translational Medicine",
issn = "1946-6234",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "507",
}
