TY - JOUR
T1 - SN 2006oz
T2 - Rise of a super-luminous supernova observed by the SDSS-II SN Survey
AU - Leloudas, G.
AU - Chatzopoulos, E.
AU - Dilday, B.
AU - Gorosabel, J.
AU - Vinko, J.
AU - Gallazzi, A.
AU - Wheeler, J. C.
AU - Bassett, B.
AU - Fischer, J. A.
AU - Frieman, J. A.
AU - Fynbo, J. P.U.
AU - Goobar, A.
AU - Jelínek, M.
AU - Malesani, D.
AU - Nichol, R. C.
AU - Nordin, J.
AU - Östman, L.
AU - Sako, M.
AU - Schneider, D. P.
AU - Smith, M.
AU - Sollerman, J.
AU - Stritzinger, M. D.
AU - Thöne, C. C.
AU - De Ugarte Postigo, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Thomas Krühler and Lars Mattson for discussions and help. G.L. especially thanks Stephen Smartt for the initial encouragement and for providing comments on the manuscript. G.L. is supported by the Carlsberg foundation. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. The research activity of J.G. and A.d.U.P. is supported by Spanish research grants AYA-2011-24780/ESP and AYA2009-14000-C03-01. J.V. received support from Hungarian OTKA Grant K76816. J.C.W. is supported in part by NSF AST-1109801. J.P.U.F. acknowledges support from the ERC-StG grant EGGS-278202. C.C.T. acknowledges partial funding by project AYA2010-21887-C04-01 “Estallidos” of the Spanish MEC and by FEDER. We acknowledge the use of the Weizmann Institute of Science Experimental Astrophysics Spectroscopy System. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/ . The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Context. A new class of super-luminous transients has recently been identified. These objects reach absolute luminosities of Mu < -21, lack hydrogen in their spectra, and are exclusively discovered by non-targeted surveys because they are associated with very faint galaxies. Aims. We aim to contribute to a better understanding of these objects by studying SN 2006oz, a newly-recognized member of this class. Methods. We present multi-color light curves of SN 2006oz from the SDSS-II SN Survey that cover its rise time, as well as an optical spectrum that shows that the explosion occurred at z ∼ 0.376. We fitted black-body functions to estimate the temperature and radius evolution of the photosphere and used the parametrized code SYNOW to model the spectrum. We constructed a bolometric light curve and compared it with explosion models. In addition, we conducted a deep search for the host galaxy with the 10 m GTC telescope. Results. The very early light curves show a dip in the g- and r-bands and a possible initial cooling phase in the u-band before rising to maximum light. The bolometric light curve shows a precursor plateau with a duration of 6-10 days in the rest-frame. A lower limit of Mu < - 21.5 can be placed on the absolute peak luminosity of the SN, while the rise time is constrained to be at least 29 days. During our observations, the emitting sphere doubled its radius to ∼2 × 1015 cm, while the temperature remained hot at ∼15 000 K. As for other similar SNe, the spectrum is best modeled with elements including O II and Mg II, while we tentatively suggest that Fe III might be present. The host galaxy is detected in gri with 25.74 ± 0.19, 24.43 ± 0.06, and 24.14 ± 0.12, respectively. It is a faint dwarf galaxy with Mg = -16.9. Conclusions. We suggest that the precursor plateau might be related to a recombination wave in a circumstellar medium (CSM) and discuss whether this is a common property of all similar explosions. The subsequent rise can be equally well described by input from a magnetar or by ejecta-CSM interaction, but the models are not well constrained owing to the lack of post-maximum observations, and CSM interaction has difficulties accounting for the precursor plateau self-consistently. Radioactive decay is less likely to be the mechanism that powers the luminosity. The host is a moderately young and star-forming, but not a starburst, galaxy.
AB - Context. A new class of super-luminous transients has recently been identified. These objects reach absolute luminosities of Mu < -21, lack hydrogen in their spectra, and are exclusively discovered by non-targeted surveys because they are associated with very faint galaxies. Aims. We aim to contribute to a better understanding of these objects by studying SN 2006oz, a newly-recognized member of this class. Methods. We present multi-color light curves of SN 2006oz from the SDSS-II SN Survey that cover its rise time, as well as an optical spectrum that shows that the explosion occurred at z ∼ 0.376. We fitted black-body functions to estimate the temperature and radius evolution of the photosphere and used the parametrized code SYNOW to model the spectrum. We constructed a bolometric light curve and compared it with explosion models. In addition, we conducted a deep search for the host galaxy with the 10 m GTC telescope. Results. The very early light curves show a dip in the g- and r-bands and a possible initial cooling phase in the u-band before rising to maximum light. The bolometric light curve shows a precursor plateau with a duration of 6-10 days in the rest-frame. A lower limit of Mu < - 21.5 can be placed on the absolute peak luminosity of the SN, while the rise time is constrained to be at least 29 days. During our observations, the emitting sphere doubled its radius to ∼2 × 1015 cm, while the temperature remained hot at ∼15 000 K. As for other similar SNe, the spectrum is best modeled with elements including O II and Mg II, while we tentatively suggest that Fe III might be present. The host galaxy is detected in gri with 25.74 ± 0.19, 24.43 ± 0.06, and 24.14 ± 0.12, respectively. It is a faint dwarf galaxy with Mg = -16.9. Conclusions. We suggest that the precursor plateau might be related to a recombination wave in a circumstellar medium (CSM) and discuss whether this is a common property of all similar explosions. The subsequent rise can be equally well described by input from a magnetar or by ejecta-CSM interaction, but the models are not well constrained owing to the lack of post-maximum observations, and CSM interaction has difficulties accounting for the precursor plateau self-consistently. Radioactive decay is less likely to be the mechanism that powers the luminosity. The host is a moderately young and star-forming, but not a starburst, galaxy.
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U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118498
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118498
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84861073506
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 541
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - A129
ER -