@article{34908d0298884a21b40499fbc6aedea7,
title = "Soil erosion and labor shortages in the Andes with special reference to Bolivia, 1953ndash;1991: Implications for {"}conservation-with-development{"}",
abstract = "Many claims in support of soil conservation policies have been flawed by excessively deterministic reasoning and unwarranted spatial overaggregation. A case study remedying these flaws demonstrates that soil erosion in the Bolivian Andes worsened during recent decades (1953-91) due to changes in production as peasants shifted labor from conservation techniques to nonfarm employment. These findings reflect in three policy issues concerning sustainable resource management oriented toward development ({"}conservation-with-development{"}) are discussed: (a)environmental consequences and economic causes of increased nonfarm employment by part-time peasant farmers; (b) environment-related aspects of technology innovation and technique modifications in labor-scarce peasant production; and (c) the environmental perceptions of peasant farmers in participatory development planning.",
author = "Zimmerer, {Karl S.}",
note = "Funding Information: *This study was completed with the collaboration, assistance, and support of numerous persons and institutions. Special gratitude is expressed to the Cochabamba peasants who offered considerable time, interest, and patience in collaborating with the field study. The peasant unions in Cochabamba and many development institutions there were equally helpful. Field research was made possible by my affiliations with five nongovernment organizations in Cochabamba, including CIDRE, and their cooperation is sincerely appreciated. Financial support for planning, field work, and library research was provided by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the Social Science Research Council and research grants from the National Science Foundation and the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin - Madison. My deep gratitude and intellectual debt to those mentioned above and others who cannot be mentioned due to the confines of this acknowledgement does not, however, absolve me of complete responsibility for the present study. Final revision accepted May 3, 1993.",
year = "1993",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/0305-750X(93)90100-N",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "1659--1675",
journal = "World Development",
issn = "0305-750X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "10",
}