Speciation and Adaptation in Birds

The field of avian speciation has matured into a rich, diverse, and global endeavor. This chapter focuses on four specific areas of the extensive speciation literature, with an emphasis on studies applying molecular approaches: (1) pre- and postmating reproductive isolating barriers in birds, (2) the genomics of avian speciation and adaptation, (3) the role of contemporary and ancient gene flow in speciation, and (4) anthropogenic influences on contemporary adaptation. More generally, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these key aspects of avian speciation, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms driving this process and the ongoing challenges in understanding the dynamics of the evolution of reproductive isolation and adaptation in birds.