State of the art and practice of urban freight management Part II: Financial approaches, logistics, and demand management

The second in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas, collects data about the initiatives that have been implemented and their performance, and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on a comprehensive analysis of their performance, which cataloged the initiatives into seven major groups, 15 subgroups, and 48 unique initiatives. The initiatives covered in this paper include: Financial Approaches; Logistical Management; and Demand/Land Use Management. The characterization of the state of the practice, and the performance of the initiatives, was based on a survey that collected data from 32 countries and 56 cities throughout the world. The third component of the work consisted of the generation of a ranking of suggested initiatives based on the performance data collected by the survey. The fourth component of the research reported here is the development of a process intended to lead to the sustained improvement of urban freight management. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings.