Status and recent results from the cream experiment

E. S. Seo; H. S. Ahn; P. Bhoyar; J. Eaton; O. Ganel; J. H. Han; A. Haque; K. C. Kim; M. H. Kim; M. H. Lee; S. E. Lee; L. Lutz; A. Malinin; O. Ofoha; S. S. Ryu; B. P. Smith; A. Vartanyan; P. Walpole; J. Wu; J. H. Yoo; Y. S. Yoon; T. Anderson; N. B. Conklin; S. Coutu; M. Geske; S. I. Mognet; L. Barbier; J. T. Link; J. W. Mitchell; A. Barrau; M. Buénerd; B. Coste; L. Derome; M. Mangin-Brinet; A. Putze; Y. Sallaz-Damaz; R. Bazer-Bachi; J. J. Beatty; T. J. Brandt; G. Bigongiari; P. Maestro; R. Zei; J. A. Jeon; G. Na; J. Nam; S. Nam; I. H. Park; N. H. Park; J. Yang; A. Menchaca-Rocha; S. Nutter

doi:10.1142/9789814329033_0035

Status and recent results from the cream experiment

E. S. Seo
, H. S. Ahn
, P. Bhoyar
, J. Eaton
, O. Ganel
, J. H. Han
, A. Haque
, K. C. Kim
, M. H. Kim
, M. H. Lee
, S. E. Lee
, L. Lutz
, A. Malinin
, O. Ofoha
, S. S. Ryu
, B. P. Smith
, A. Vartanyan
, P. Walpole
, J. Wu
, J. H. Yoo

Y. S. Yoon, T. Anderson, N. B. Conklin, S. Coutu, M. Geske, S. I. Mognet, L. Barbier, J. T. Link, J. W. Mitchell, A. Barrau, M. Buénerd, B. Coste, L. Derome, M. Mangin-Brinet, A. Putze, Y. Sallaz-Damaz, R. Bazer-Bachi, J. J. Beatty, T. J. Brandt, G. Bigongiari, P. Maestro, R. Zei, J. A. Jeon, G. Na, J. Nam, S. Nam, I. H. Park, N. H. Park, J. Yang, A. Menchaca-Rocha, S. Nutter

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment has accumulated ∼156 days of exposure during five successful flights over Antarctica. Energy measurements are made with a transition radiation detector and an ionization calorimeter. Charge measurements are made with timing scintillators, pixelated Si, and Cherenkov detectors to minimize the effect of backscattered particles. High energy cosmic-ray data were collected over a wide energy range from ∼ 10¹⁰ to ∼ 10¹⁵ eV at an average altitude of ∼38.5 km, with ∼3.9 g/cm² atmospheric overburden. All cosmic-ray elements from protons (Z = 1) to iron nuclei (Z = 26) are separated with excellent charge resolution. The instrument performance, results from the ongoing data analysis, and their implications on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation are discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference
Publisher	World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd
Pages	281-289
Number of pages	9
ISBN (Print)	9814329029, 9789814329026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814329033_0035
State	Published - 2011
Event	12th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics, ICATPP 2010 - Como, Italy Duration: Oct 7 2010 → Oct 8 2010

Publication series

Name	Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference

Other

Other	12th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics, ICATPP 2010
Country/Territory	Italy
City	Como
Period	10/7/10 → 10/8/10

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Access to Document

10.1142/9789814329033_0035

Cite this

Seo, E. S., Ahn, H. S., Bhoyar, P., Eaton, J., Ganel, O., Han, J. H., Haque, A., Kim, K. C., Kim, M. H., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. E., Lutz, L., Malinin, A., Ofoha, O., Ryu, S. S., Smith, B. P., Vartanyan, A., Walpole, P., Wu, J., ... Nutter, S. (2011). Status and recent results from the cream experiment. In Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference (pp. 281-289). (Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference). World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814329033_0035

@inproceedings{64e35e78ccb244b7a197e6ee4988f2cc,

title = "Status and recent results from the cream experiment",

abstract = "The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment has accumulated ∼156 days of exposure during five successful flights over Antarctica. Energy measurements are made with a transition radiation detector and an ionization calorimeter. Charge measurements are made with timing scintillators, pixelated Si, and Cherenkov detectors to minimize the effect of backscattered particles. High energy cosmic-ray data were collected over a wide energy range from ∼ 1010 to ∼ 1015 eV at an average altitude of ∼38.5 km, with ∼3.9 g/cm2 atmospheric overburden. All cosmic-ray elements from protons (Z = 1) to iron nuclei (Z = 26) are separated with excellent charge resolution. The instrument performance, results from the ongoing data analysis, and their implications on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation are discussed.",

author = "Seo, \{E. S.\} and Ahn, \{H. S.\} and P. Bhoyar and J. Eaton and O. Ganel and Han, \{J. H.\} and A. Haque and Kim, \{K. C.\} and Kim, \{M. H.\} and Lee, \{M. H.\} and Lee, \{S. E.\} and L. Lutz and A. Malinin and O. Ofoha and Ryu, \{S. S.\} and Smith, \{B. P.\} and A. Vartanyan and P. Walpole and J. Wu and Yoo, \{J. H.\} and Yoon, \{Y. S.\} and T. Anderson and Conklin, \{N. B.\} and S. Coutu and M. Geske and Mognet, \{S. I.\} and L. Barbier and Link, \{J. T.\} and Mitchell, \{J. W.\} and A. Barrau and M. Bu{\'e}nerd and B. Coste and L. Derome and M. Mangin-Brinet and A. Putze and Y. Sallaz-Damaz and R. Bazer-Bachi and Beatty, \{J. J.\} and Brandt, \{T. J.\} and G. Bigongiari and P. Maestro and R. Zei and Jeon, \{J. A.\} and G. Na and J. Nam and S. Nam and Park, \{I. H.\} and Park, \{N. H.\} and J. Yang and A. Menchaca-Rocha and S. Nutter",

note = "Funding Information: tryptic peptides, derived from the purified enzyme, were sequenced and these peptide sequences, denoted by the underlining in Fig. 3, were identical to those deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The sequence of the spinach enzyme is 83\% identical with that of the maize enzyme \textbackslash{}[13\textbackslash{}]a t the amino-acid level. By comparison of the spinach and maize sequences, it appears that the 4948 base pairs sequenced include 98\% of the coding sequence of the 1483 amino-acid-long mature spinach enzyme. Approximately 103 bp, coding for the 34 amino acids at the amino-terminus of the mature protein are missing from the clones we have isolated. Attempts to obtain a cDNA that includes the 5'-end of the transcript, i.e., the portion that encodes the missing portion of the mature protein and the transit peptide \textbackslash{}[13\textbackslash{}]b, y screening additional libraries with both spinach and maize probes and by using linker-primed PCR \textbackslash{}[19\textbackslash{}] were all unsuccessful. However, the sequence of 23 amino acids at the amino-terminus, from amino acid 2 to amino acid 24, of the mature spinach enzyme was determined by sequencing the purified enzyme. In addition, analysis of the amino-terminus sequencing data suggests that cysteine is likely to be the N-terminal amino acid of the spinach enzyme, as is the case for the maize enzyme \textbackslash{}[13\textbackslash{}]b, ut this could not be established unambiguously. The sequence for amino acids 2 through 24 of the spinach enzyme is GVGFI-ANLDNKGSFQIVKDALTA. If, as appears likely, cys-teine is at the amino termini of both the spinach and maize enzymes, the two enzymes are identical at 17 of the first 25 positions. Despite the fact that the spinach and maize enzymes use reduced ferredoxin as the electron donor, while bacterial enzymes use NADPH, considerable homology exists between the two higher plant enzymes and the large subunits of bacterial glutamate synthases for which sequences are known. Thus, at the amino-acid level the spinach enzyme is 43.3\% identical to the large subunit of the NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase of Azospirillum brasilense \textbackslash{}[20\textbackslash{}]a nd 39.1\% identical to the large subunit of the E. coli enzyme \textbackslash{}[21\textbackslash{}]. A comparison of the sequence of the spinach ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase with those of the A. brasilense and E. coli NADPH-dependent glutamate synthases and to the sequences of the glutamine ami-dotransferases of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium leguminosarum (See discussion in Ref. 20) suggests that the glutamine amidotransferase domain of the spinach enzyme lies within the amino-terminal 350 residues. A similar comparison of the spacing of cysteine residues in the spinach enzyme to those found in the maize, A. brasilense and E. coli enzymes and to those found in E. coli fumarate reductase and B. subtilis succinate dehydrogenase (see discussion in Ref. 20) suggest that cysteines 1097, 1103 and 1108 function as ligands to the \textbackslash{}[3Fe\_4S\textbackslash{}]1+ ,0 cluster (Note that the amino-acid position numbers assigned to spinach glutamate synthase in this discussion and below are those taken from Fig. 3 and the precise numbering of amino-acid residues must await the completion of the sequence.) A comparison of the sequence of the spinach enzyme to those of other glutamate synthases and those of Saccharomyces cerevisia flavocytochrome b 2, spinach glycolate oxidase, and Hansenula anomola flavocytochrome b 2 (see discussion in Ref. 20) suggest that the FMN-binding domain of the ferredoxin-dependent spinach glutamate synthase lies between residues 975 and 1097. A similar analysis suggests that the FAD-binding domain of the spinach enzyme may involve amino acids in the region between residues 1278 and 1288 or between residues 1345 and 1398. The authors would like to thank Ms. Ida Schaefer and Dr. Susan San Francisco for their synthesis of oligonucleotides, Dr. Susan Abrahamson and Dr. W. Gruissem for providing the spinach cDNA library, Dr. Toshiharu Hase for providing a full-length cDNA clone of maize glutamate synthase and Dr. Clive Slaughter for his advice on the amino-acid sequencing of the peptides. This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG05-90ER20017 and 93ER20125 to D.B.K.). The oligonucleotide syn-thesis facility is supported by the Texas Tech Univer-sity Institute for Biotechnology.; 12th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics, ICATPP 2010 ; Conference date: 07-10-2010 Through 08-10-2010",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1142/9789814329033\_0035",

language = "English (US)",

isbn = "9814329029",

series = "Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference",

publisher = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd",

pages = "281--289",

booktitle = "Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference",

address = "Singapore",

}

Seo, ES, Ahn, HS, Bhoyar, P, Eaton, J, Ganel, O, Han, JH, Haque, A, Kim, KC, Kim, MH, Lee, MH, Lee, SE, Lutz, L, Malinin, A, Ofoha, O, Ryu, SS, Smith, BP, Vartanyan, A, Walpole, P, Wu, J, Yoo, JH, Yoon, YS, Anderson, T, Conklin, NB, Coutu, S, Geske, M, Mognet, SI, Barbier, L, Link, JT, Mitchell, JW, Barrau, A, Buénerd, M, Coste, B, Derome, L, Mangin-Brinet, M, Putze, A, Sallaz-Damaz, Y, Bazer-Bachi, R, Beatty, JJ, Brandt, TJ, Bigongiari, G, Maestro, P, Zei, R, Jeon, JA, Na, G, Nam, J, Nam, S, Park, IH, Park, NH, Yang, J, Menchaca-Rocha, A & Nutter, S 2011, Status and recent results from the cream experiment. in Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference. Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, pp. 281-289, 12th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics, ICATPP 2010, Como, Italy, 10/7/10. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814329033_0035

Status and recent results from the cream experiment. / Seo, E. S.; Ahn, H. S.; Bhoyar, P. et al.
Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, 2011. p. 281-289 (Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Status and recent results from the cream experiment

AU - Seo, E. S.

AU - Ahn, H. S.

AU - Bhoyar, P.

AU - Eaton, J.

AU - Ganel, O.

AU - Han, J. H.

AU - Haque, A.

AU - Kim, K. C.

AU - Kim, M. H.

AU - Lee, M. H.

AU - Lee, S. E.

AU - Lutz, L.

AU - Malinin, A.

AU - Ofoha, O.

AU - Ryu, S. S.

AU - Smith, B. P.

AU - Vartanyan, A.

AU - Walpole, P.

AU - Wu, J.

AU - Yoo, J. H.

AU - Yoon, Y. S.

AU - Anderson, T.

AU - Conklin, N. B.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - Geske, M.

AU - Mognet, S. I.

AU - Barbier, L.

AU - Link, J. T.

AU - Mitchell, J. W.

AU - Barrau, A.

AU - Buénerd, M.

AU - Coste, B.

AU - Derome, L.

AU - Mangin-Brinet, M.

AU - Putze, A.

AU - Sallaz-Damaz, Y.

AU - Bazer-Bachi, R.

AU - Beatty, J. J.

AU - Brandt, T. J.

AU - Bigongiari, G.

AU - Maestro, P.

AU - Zei, R.

AU - Jeon, J. A.

AU - Na, G.

AU - Nam, J.

AU - Nam, S.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Park, N. H.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Menchaca-Rocha, A.

AU - Nutter, S.

N1 - Funding Information: tryptic peptides, derived from the purified enzyme, were sequenced and these peptide sequences, denoted by the underlining in Fig. 3, were identical to those deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The sequence of the spinach enzyme is 83% identical with that of the maize enzyme \[13\]a t the amino-acid level. By comparison of the spinach and maize sequences, it appears that the 4948 base pairs sequenced include 98% of the coding sequence of the 1483 amino-acid-long mature spinach enzyme. Approximately 103 bp, coding for the 34 amino acids at the amino-terminus of the mature protein are missing from the clones we have isolated. Attempts to obtain a cDNA that includes the 5'-end of the transcript, i.e., the portion that encodes the missing portion of the mature protein and the transit peptide \[13\]b, y screening additional libraries with both spinach and maize probes and by using linker-primed PCR \[19\] were all unsuccessful. However, the sequence of 23 amino acids at the amino-terminus, from amino acid 2 to amino acid 24, of the mature spinach enzyme was determined by sequencing the purified enzyme. In addition, analysis of the amino-terminus sequencing data suggests that cysteine is likely to be the N-terminal amino acid of the spinach enzyme, as is the case for the maize enzyme \[13\]b, ut this could not be established unambiguously. The sequence for amino acids 2 through 24 of the spinach enzyme is GVGFI-ANLDNKGSFQIVKDALTA. If, as appears likely, cys-teine is at the amino termini of both the spinach and maize enzymes, the two enzymes are identical at 17 of the first 25 positions. Despite the fact that the spinach and maize enzymes use reduced ferredoxin as the electron donor, while bacterial enzymes use NADPH, considerable homology exists between the two higher plant enzymes and the large subunits of bacterial glutamate synthases for which sequences are known. Thus, at the amino-acid level the spinach enzyme is 43.3% identical to the large subunit of the NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase of Azospirillum brasilense \[20\]a nd 39.1% identical to the large subunit of the E. coli enzyme \[21\]. A comparison of the sequence of the spinach ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase with those of the A. brasilense and E. coli NADPH-dependent glutamate synthases and to the sequences of the glutamine ami-dotransferases of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium leguminosarum (See discussion in Ref. 20) suggests that the glutamine amidotransferase domain of the spinach enzyme lies within the amino-terminal 350 residues. A similar comparison of the spacing of cysteine residues in the spinach enzyme to those found in the maize, A. brasilense and E. coli enzymes and to those found in E. coli fumarate reductase and B. subtilis succinate dehydrogenase (see discussion in Ref. 20) suggest that cysteines 1097, 1103 and 1108 function as ligands to the \[3Fe_4S\]1+ ,0 cluster (Note that the amino-acid position numbers assigned to spinach glutamate synthase in this discussion and below are those taken from Fig. 3 and the precise numbering of amino-acid residues must await the completion of the sequence.) A comparison of the sequence of the spinach enzyme to those of other glutamate synthases and those of Saccharomyces cerevisia flavocytochrome b 2, spinach glycolate oxidase, and Hansenula anomola flavocytochrome b 2 (see discussion in Ref. 20) suggest that the FMN-binding domain of the ferredoxin-dependent spinach glutamate synthase lies between residues 975 and 1097. A similar analysis suggests that the FAD-binding domain of the spinach enzyme may involve amino acids in the region between residues 1278 and 1288 or between residues 1345 and 1398. The authors would like to thank Ms. Ida Schaefer and Dr. Susan San Francisco for their synthesis of oligonucleotides, Dr. Susan Abrahamson and Dr. W. Gruissem for providing the spinach cDNA library, Dr. Toshiharu Hase for providing a full-length cDNA clone of maize glutamate synthase and Dr. Clive Slaughter for his advice on the amino-acid sequencing of the peptides. This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG05-90ER20017 and 93ER20125 to D.B.K.). The oligonucleotide syn-thesis facility is supported by the Texas Tech Univer-sity Institute for Biotechnology.

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment has accumulated ∼156 days of exposure during five successful flights over Antarctica. Energy measurements are made with a transition radiation detector and an ionization calorimeter. Charge measurements are made with timing scintillators, pixelated Si, and Cherenkov detectors to minimize the effect of backscattered particles. High energy cosmic-ray data were collected over a wide energy range from ∼ 1010 to ∼ 1015 eV at an average altitude of ∼38.5 km, with ∼3.9 g/cm2 atmospheric overburden. All cosmic-ray elements from protons (Z = 1) to iron nuclei (Z = 26) are separated with excellent charge resolution. The instrument performance, results from the ongoing data analysis, and their implications on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation are discussed.

AB - The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment has accumulated ∼156 days of exposure during five successful flights over Antarctica. Energy measurements are made with a transition radiation detector and an ionization calorimeter. Charge measurements are made with timing scintillators, pixelated Si, and Cherenkov detectors to minimize the effect of backscattered particles. High energy cosmic-ray data were collected over a wide energy range from ∼ 1010 to ∼ 1015 eV at an average altitude of ∼38.5 km, with ∼3.9 g/cm2 atmospheric overburden. All cosmic-ray elements from protons (Z = 1) to iron nuclei (Z = 26) are separated with excellent charge resolution. The instrument performance, results from the ongoing data analysis, and their implications on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation are discussed.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84885914260

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84885914260#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1142/9789814329033_0035

DO - 10.1142/9789814329033_0035

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84885914260

SN - 9814329029

SN - 9789814329026

T3 - Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference

SP - 281

EP - 289

BT - Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference

PB - World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

T2 - 12th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics, ICATPP 2010

Y2 - 7 October 2010 through 8 October 2010

ER -

Seo ES, Ahn HS, Bhoyar P, Eaton J, Ganel O, Han JH et al. Status and recent results from the cream experiment. In Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. 2011. p. 281-289. (Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics - Proceedings of the 12th ICATPP Conference). doi: 10.1142/9789814329033_0035

Status and recent results from the cream experiment

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