Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector

Lukas R. Stone; Abraham D. Falcone; Joseph M. Colosimo; Mitchell Wages; Timothy Emeigh; Kadri M. Nizam; Md Arman Hossen; Laurel Oneill; Ian T. Ashcroft; William A. Bevidas; Brynn Bortee; Zachary E. Catlin; Sierra Deppe; Killian Gremling; Dennis Hartmann; Abigail A. Raytsis

doi:10.1117/12.3065485

Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector

Lukas R. Stone
, Abraham D. Falcone
, Joseph M. Colosimo
, Mitchell Wages
, Timothy Emeigh
, Kadri M. Nizam
, Md Arman Hossen
, Laurel Oneill
, Ian T. Ashcroft
, William A. Bevidas
, Brynn Bortee
, Zachary E. Catlin
, Sierra Deppe
, Killian Gremling
, Dennis Hartmann
, Abigail A. Raytsis

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

The Pennsylvania State University High-Energy Astrophysics Detector and Instrumentation Lab, in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS), has developed a next-generation small-pixel soft X-ray hybrid CMOS detector (HCD). The Small-Pixel1024 is an HCD with a 1024×1024 grid of 12.5-micron pitch pixels, featuring a high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier and in-pixel correlated double sampling. The Small-Pixel1024 has full-frame readout speeds of up to 149 frames/s and readout rates in excess of 1 kHz in windowed mode. Two separate pixel designs were developed using different charge-injection schemes to restore pixel full-well post pixel reset, allowing for X-ray sensitivity up to 20 keV. Here, we report on the methods and recent results for the characterization of the Small-Pixel1024 dark current, read noise, gain variation, and energy resolution, including a comparison between the two pixel types. Finally, we report on the development efforts between Penn State and Teledyne on a new event-driven small-pixel HCD.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV
Editors	Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510691582
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3065485
State	Published - Sep 18 2025
Event	24th UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy - San Diego, United States Duration: Aug 5 2025 → Aug 7 2025

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	13625
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	24th UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego
Period	8/5/25 → 8/7/25

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Instrumentation
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1117/12.3065485

Cite this

Stone, L. R., Falcone, A. D., Colosimo, J. M., Wages, M., Emeigh, T., Nizam, K. M., Arman Hossen, M., Oneill, L., Ashcroft, I. T., Bevidas, W. A., Bortee, B., Catlin, Z. E., Deppe, S., Gremling, K., Hartmann, D., & Raytsis, A. A. (2025). Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector. In O. H. Siegmund, & K. Hoadley (Eds.), UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV Article 1362520 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13625). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3065485

@inproceedings{4f7665d5a00443caa41204cf511a1122,

title = "Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector",

abstract = "The Pennsylvania State University High-Energy Astrophysics Detector and Instrumentation Lab, in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS), has developed a next-generation small-pixel soft X-ray hybrid CMOS detector (HCD). The Small-Pixel1024 is an HCD with a 1024×1024 grid of 12.5-micron pitch pixels, featuring a high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier and in-pixel correlated double sampling. The Small-Pixel1024 has full-frame readout speeds of up to 149 frames/s and readout rates in excess of 1 kHz in windowed mode. Two separate pixel designs were developed using different charge-injection schemes to restore pixel full-well post pixel reset, allowing for X-ray sensitivity up to 20 keV. Here, we report on the methods and recent results for the characterization of the Small-Pixel1024 dark current, read noise, gain variation, and energy resolution, including a comparison between the two pixel types. Finally, we report on the development efforts between Penn State and Teledyne on a new event-driven small-pixel HCD.",

author = "Stone, \{Lukas R.\} and Falcone, \{Abraham D.\} and Colosimo, \{Joseph M.\} and Mitchell Wages and Timothy Emeigh and Nizam, \{Kadri M.\} and \{Arman Hossen\}, Md and Laurel Oneill and Ashcroft, \{Ian T.\} and Bevidas, \{William A.\} and Brynn Bortee and Catlin, \{Zachary E.\} and Sierra Deppe and Killian Gremling and Dennis Hartmann and Raytsis, \{Abigail A.\}",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1117/12.3065485",

language = "English (US)",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "Siegmund, \{Oswald H.\} and Keri Hoadley",

booktitle = "UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV",

address = "United States",

}

Stone, LR, Falcone, AD, Colosimo, JM, Wages, M, Emeigh, T, Nizam, KM, Arman Hossen, M, Oneill, L, Ashcroft, IT, Bevidas, WA, Bortee, B, Catlin, ZE, Deppe, S, Gremling, K, Hartmann, D & Raytsis, AA 2025, Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector. in OH Siegmund & K Hoadley (eds), UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV., 1362520, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 13625, SPIE, 24th UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy, San Diego, United States, 8/5/25. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3065485

Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector. / Stone, Lukas R.; Falcone, Abraham D.; Colosimo, Joseph M. et al.
UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV. ed. / Oswald H. Siegmund; Keri Hoadley. SPIE, 2025. 1362520 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13625).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector

AU - Stone, Lukas R.

AU - Falcone, Abraham D.

AU - Colosimo, Joseph M.

AU - Wages, Mitchell

AU - Emeigh, Timothy

AU - Nizam, Kadri M.

AU - Arman Hossen, Md

AU - Oneill, Laurel

AU - Ashcroft, Ian T.

AU - Bevidas, William A.

AU - Bortee, Brynn

AU - Catlin, Zachary E.

AU - Deppe, Sierra

AU - Gremling, Killian

AU - Hartmann, Dennis

AU - Raytsis, Abigail A.

PY - 2025/9/18

Y1 - 2025/9/18

N2 - The Pennsylvania State University High-Energy Astrophysics Detector and Instrumentation Lab, in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS), has developed a next-generation small-pixel soft X-ray hybrid CMOS detector (HCD). The Small-Pixel1024 is an HCD with a 1024×1024 grid of 12.5-micron pitch pixels, featuring a high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier and in-pixel correlated double sampling. The Small-Pixel1024 has full-frame readout speeds of up to 149 frames/s and readout rates in excess of 1 kHz in windowed mode. Two separate pixel designs were developed using different charge-injection schemes to restore pixel full-well post pixel reset, allowing for X-ray sensitivity up to 20 keV. Here, we report on the methods and recent results for the characterization of the Small-Pixel1024 dark current, read noise, gain variation, and energy resolution, including a comparison between the two pixel types. Finally, we report on the development efforts between Penn State and Teledyne on a new event-driven small-pixel HCD.

AB - The Pennsylvania State University High-Energy Astrophysics Detector and Instrumentation Lab, in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS), has developed a next-generation small-pixel soft X-ray hybrid CMOS detector (HCD). The Small-Pixel1024 is an HCD with a 1024×1024 grid of 12.5-micron pitch pixels, featuring a high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier and in-pixel correlated double sampling. The Small-Pixel1024 has full-frame readout speeds of up to 149 frames/s and readout rates in excess of 1 kHz in windowed mode. Two separate pixel designs were developed using different charge-injection schemes to restore pixel full-well post pixel reset, allowing for X-ray sensitivity up to 20 keV. Here, we report on the methods and recent results for the characterization of the Small-Pixel1024 dark current, read noise, gain variation, and energy resolution, including a comparison between the two pixel types. Finally, we report on the development efforts between Penn State and Teledyne on a new event-driven small-pixel HCD.

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U2 - 10.1117/12.3065485

DO - 10.1117/12.3065485

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105024331601

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV

A2 - Siegmund, Oswald H.

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PB - SPIE

T2 - 24th UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy

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ER -

Stone LR, Falcone AD, Colosimo JM, Wages M, Emeigh T, Nizam KM et al. Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector. In Siegmund OH, Hoadley K, editors, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV. SPIE. 2025. 1362520. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.3065485

Status of Testing and Characterization of a Low-noise Small-Pixel Hybrid CMOS Detector

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