TY - JOUR
T1 - STIM/Orai signalling complexes in vascular smooth muscle
AU - Trebak, Mohamed
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - Stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) are single pass transmembrane proteins located mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). STIM proteins contain an EF-hand in their N-termini that faces the lumen side of the ER allowing them to act as ER calcium (Ca2+) sensors. STIM1 has been recognized as central to the activation of the highly Ca2+ selective store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) entry current mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel; CRAC channels are formed by tetramers of the plasma membrane (PM) protein Orai1. Physiologically, the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) upon stimulation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors and the subsequent emptying of IP3-sensitive ER Ca2+ stores are sensed by STIM1 molecules which aggregate and move closer to the PM to interact physically with Orai1 channels and activate Ca2+ entry. Orai1 has two homologous proteins encoded by separate genes, Orai2 and Orai3. Other modes of receptor-regulated Ca2+ entry into cells are store-independent; for example, arachidonic acid activates a highly Ca2+ selective store-independent channel formed by heteropentamers of Orai1 and Orai3 and regulated by the PM pool of STIM1. Here, I will discuss results pertaining to the roles of STIM and Orai proteins in smooth muscle Ca2+ entry pathways and their role in vascular remodelling.
AB - Stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) are single pass transmembrane proteins located mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). STIM proteins contain an EF-hand in their N-termini that faces the lumen side of the ER allowing them to act as ER calcium (Ca2+) sensors. STIM1 has been recognized as central to the activation of the highly Ca2+ selective store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) entry current mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel; CRAC channels are formed by tetramers of the plasma membrane (PM) protein Orai1. Physiologically, the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) upon stimulation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors and the subsequent emptying of IP3-sensitive ER Ca2+ stores are sensed by STIM1 molecules which aggregate and move closer to the PM to interact physically with Orai1 channels and activate Ca2+ entry. Orai1 has two homologous proteins encoded by separate genes, Orai2 and Orai3. Other modes of receptor-regulated Ca2+ entry into cells are store-independent; for example, arachidonic acid activates a highly Ca2+ selective store-independent channel formed by heteropentamers of Orai1 and Orai3 and regulated by the PM pool of STIM1. Here, I will discuss results pertaining to the roles of STIM and Orai proteins in smooth muscle Ca2+ entry pathways and their role in vascular remodelling.
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U2 - 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233353
DO - 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233353
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22641780
AN - SCOPUS:84865606889
SN - 0022-3751
VL - 590
SP - 4201
EP - 4208
JO - Journal of Physiology
JF - Journal of Physiology
IS - 17
ER -