Stress, aging, and resilience: Can accrued wear and tear be slowed?

The impact of stress on age-related physiological capacities (i.e., resilience) is influenced not only by endowed genetic substrate, but also by individual differences, including the frequency of exposure to stress, the nature and intensity of psychological and physiological reactions to stress, and the efficacy of restorative processes that replenish physiological reserves and fortify against future stress (Cacioppo, Hawkley, & Berntson, 2003). This paper outlines a conceptualization of stress that acknowledges human susceptibility and resistance to the stresses of life and considers the net impact of human frailties and strengths on physiological resilience and health during the aging process.