@article{ea40b5b488e04a97af47c90a85d225a9,
title = "Strong population substructure is correlated with morphology and ecology in a migratory bat",
abstract = "Examining patterns of inter-population genetic diversity can provide valuable information about both historical and current evolutionary processes affecting a species. Population genetic studies of flying and migratory species such as bats and birds have traditionally shown minimal population substructure, characterized by high levels of gene flow between populations. In general, strongly substructured mammalian populations either are separated by non-traversable barriers or belong to terrestrial species with low dispersal abilities. Species with female philopatry (the tendency to remain in or consistently return to the natal territory) might show strong substructure when examined with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, but this substructure generally disappears when biparentally inherited markers are used, owing to male-mediated gene flow. Male-biased dispersal is considered typical for mammals, and philopatry in both sexes is rare. Here we show strong population substructure in a migratory bat species, and philopatry in both sexes, as indicated by concordance of nuclear and mtDNA findings. Furthermore, the genetic structure correlates with local biomes and differentiation in wing morphology. There is therefore a close correlation of genetic and morphological differentiation in sympatric subspecific populations of this mammalian species.",
author = "Miller-Butterworth, {Cassandra M.} and Jacobs, {David S.} and Harley, {Eric H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements M. McDonnell, R. Pouyat, S. Pickett, A. Greller, G. Lovett, M. Geber and P. Marks provided discussions at the outset of this research. C. Andersen, J. Compton, A. Hudak, J. Laurence, H. Lee, D. Phillips, P. Rygiewicz, A. Solomon and D. Tingey provided discussions and editorial feedback. H. Lee provided EPA O3 data and statistical consultation. P. Dickerson created the inverse-distance weighted O3 map. M. Topa oversaw the open-top chamber experiment. Organizations listed in the Methods provided site access, forest soils and technical assistance. Financial support was provided to J.W.G. by the Edna Bailey Sussman Fund for Environmental Internships, the New York State Heritage Foundation, a Cornell University Mellon Research Grant, the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Cornell{\textquoteright}s Department of Ecology and Systematics, a Mellon Foundation graduate training grant (to T.E.D.), the Cornell Center for the Environment, Sigma Xi and a US EPA post doctoral fellowship. Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank R. Bernard, P. Taylor, B. Eick, C. Logan, M. Kirkman and R. Louw for assistance with obtaining samples; P. Owen, I. Baumgarten, C. van Heerden and D. James for technical assistance in the laboratory; and M. Butterworth and E. Teeling for constructive comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by grants from the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the University Research Committee of the University of Cape Town.",
year = "2003",
month = jul,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1038/nature01742",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "424",
pages = "187--191",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "6945",
}