Structural adaptations in the murine colon microcirculation associated with hapten-induced inflammation

Background: Blood flowing across the vascular endothelium creates wall shear stress, dependent on velocity of flow and vessel geometry, that tends to disrupt lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Objective: The microcirculation in a murine model of acute colitis was investigated to identify structural adaptations during acute colitis that may facilitate transmigration. Methods: In 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced acute colitis, the infiltrating cells and colonic microcirculation was investigated by cellular topographic mapping, corrosion casting and three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Colonic blood velocimetry was performed using intravital microscopy. Results: Clinical and histological parameters suggested a peak inflammatory response at 96 h (p<0.001). The infiltrating cells were spatially related to the mucosal capillary plexus by three-dimensional topographic mapping (p<0.001). In normal mice, corrosion casting and three-dimensional SEM showed a polygonal mucosal plexus supplied by ascending arteries and descending veins. After 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid stimulation, three-dimensional SEM showed preserved branch angles (p = 0.52) and nominal vessel lengths (p = 0.93), but a significantly dilated mucosal capillary plexus (p<0.001). Intravital microscopy of the mucosal plexus showed a greater than twofold decrease in the velocity of flow (p<0.001). Conclusions: The demonstrable slowing of the velocity of flow despite an increase in volumetric flow suggests that these microvascular adaptations create conditions suitable for leucocyte adhesion and transmigration.