TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural-property relations in a reduced and internally biased oxide wafer (RAINBOW) actuator material
AU - Elissalde, Catherine
AU - Cross, L. Eric
AU - Randall, Clive A.
PY - 1996/8
Y1 - 1996/8
N2 - Reduced and internally biased oxide wafer (RAINBOW) actuators are fabricated by a controlled reduction of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based piezoelectric material. The reduction process results in a conductive layer composed of an interconnected metallic lead phase and refractory oxides (ZrTiO4, ZrO2, La2O3, etc.). The nature of the reduction is discovered to be the result of a complex volume change leading to a nanoscale interconnected metallic structure. The distribution of phases within the cermet vary within the thickness of the wafer. Within the piezoelectric ceramic phase, the reduction process modifies the grain-boundary structure to give two distinct types of fracture: transgranular and intergranular. The complexed microstructures of the RAINBOW actuator materials are discussed in relation to their dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
AB - Reduced and internally biased oxide wafer (RAINBOW) actuators are fabricated by a controlled reduction of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based piezoelectric material. The reduction process results in a conductive layer composed of an interconnected metallic lead phase and refractory oxides (ZrTiO4, ZrO2, La2O3, etc.). The nature of the reduction is discovered to be the result of a complex volume change leading to a nanoscale interconnected metallic structure. The distribution of phases within the cermet vary within the thickness of the wafer. Within the piezoelectric ceramic phase, the reduction process modifies the grain-boundary structure to give two distinct types of fracture: transgranular and intergranular. The complexed microstructures of the RAINBOW actuator materials are discussed in relation to their dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
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U2 - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08935.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08935.x
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0030216431
SN - 0002-7820
VL - 79
SP - 2041
EP - 2048
JO - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
IS - 8
ER -