TY - JOUR
T1 - Symbiotic polydnavirus of a parasite manipulates caterpillar and plant immunity
AU - Tan, Ching Wen
AU - Peiffer, Michelle
AU - Hoover, Kelli
AU - Rosa, Cristina
AU - Acevedo, Flor E.
AU - Felton, Gary W.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Henry Fadamiro (Auburn University) for providing the M. croceipes colony; Ju-Che Lo for experimental assistance and colony maintenance; Kaixi Zhao for guidance on virus purification; and István Mikó for assisting with the CLSM image. The comments by two anonymous reviewers were very helpful. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IOS-1645548 and Hatch Project Grant PEN04576.
Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Dr. Henry Fadamiro (Auburn University) for providing the M. croceipes colony; Ju-Che Lo for experimental assistance and colony maintenance; Kaixi Zhao for guidance on virus purification; and István Mikó for assisting with the CLSM image. The comments by two anonymous reviewers were very helpful. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IOS-1645548 and Hatch Project Grant PEN04576.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2018/5/15
Y1 - 2018/5/15
N2 - Obligate symbioses occur when organisms require symbiotic relationships to survive. Some parasitic wasps of caterpillars possess obligate mutualistic viruses called “polydnaviruses.” Along with eggs, wasps inject polydnavirus inside their caterpillar hosts where the hatching larvae develop inside the caterpillar. Polydnaviruses suppress the immune systems of their caterpillar hosts, which enables egg hatch and wasp larval development. It is unknown whether polydnaviruses also manipulate the salivary proteins of the caterpillar, which may affect the elicitation of plant defenses during feeding by the caterpillar. Here, we show that a polydnavirus of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes, and not the parasitoid larva itself, drives the regulation of salivary enzymes of the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea that are known to elicit tomato plant-defense responses to herbivores. The polydnavirus suppresses glucose oxidase, which is a primary plant-defense elicitor in the saliva of the H. zea caterpillar. By suppressing plant defenses, the polydnavirus allows the caterpillar to grow at a faster rate, thus improving the host suitability for the parasitoid.
AB - Obligate symbioses occur when organisms require symbiotic relationships to survive. Some parasitic wasps of caterpillars possess obligate mutualistic viruses called “polydnaviruses.” Along with eggs, wasps inject polydnavirus inside their caterpillar hosts where the hatching larvae develop inside the caterpillar. Polydnaviruses suppress the immune systems of their caterpillar hosts, which enables egg hatch and wasp larval development. It is unknown whether polydnaviruses also manipulate the salivary proteins of the caterpillar, which may affect the elicitation of plant defenses during feeding by the caterpillar. Here, we show that a polydnavirus of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes, and not the parasitoid larva itself, drives the regulation of salivary enzymes of the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea that are known to elicit tomato plant-defense responses to herbivores. The polydnavirus suppresses glucose oxidase, which is a primary plant-defense elicitor in the saliva of the H. zea caterpillar. By suppressing plant defenses, the polydnavirus allows the caterpillar to grow at a faster rate, thus improving the host suitability for the parasitoid.
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1717934115
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1717934115
M3 - Article
C2 - 29712862
AN - SCOPUS:85046969129
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 115
SP - 5199
EP - 5204
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 20
ER -