Synoptic interactions between Antarctica and lower latitudes

This paper reviews the nature of Antarctic-lower latitude interactions in the synoptic context, for both higher frequency (transient) and lower frequency (interannual) variations. The latter includes particularly the teleconnections associated with ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation), which are discussed from the standpoint of observations and also experiments using GCMs (general circulation models). Since our understanding of the variability of Antarctic synoptic processes has been very strongly shaped by the lack of long-term, meteorological data sets over large areas of the adjacent southern oceans, a discussion of these data bases is also included. -from Author