Syntheses of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative C-H Amination

This article traces the development of catalytic, intramolecular dehydrogenative C-H amination (IDCA) reactions. Over the last 10 years, effective syntheses of carbazoles, indolines and oxindoles via palladium-catalyzed sp² intramolecular dehydrogenative C-H amination reactions have been realized. While the corresponding amination reactions of sp³ C-H bonds are more challenging, syntheses of pyrrolidines, azetidines, β-lactams and even aziridines via this manifold have been reported.