Synthesis of ZrO₂ nanoparticles by spray pyrolysis

Solution droplets are excellent vehicles for compartmentalizing precursor solutions and provide unique control of chemical homogeneity, particle nucleation, and thermolysis during spray pyrolysis. To synthesize nanoparticles <200 nm, it is necessary to reduce the initial droplet size, to reduce the solution surface tension, and to start with dilute solutions. Also, the number concentration of droplets must be limited to avoid coagulation. Applying these concepts, zirconia particles of <200 nm were produced.