Temperature dependence of the dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic constants for Pb (Mg13 Nb23) O3 -PbZr O3 -PbTi O3 piezocrystals

Pb (Mg13 Nb23) O3 -PbZr O3 -PbTi O3 (PMN-PZT) ferroelectric single crystals were grown successfully using the solid state crystal growth method. The crystals were found to exhibit higher Curie temperatures TC s and ferroelectric phase transition temperatures TR-T s when compared to the binary Pb (Mg13 Nb23) O3 -PbTi O3 system. Specifically the composition 0.4Pb (Mg13 Nb23) O3 -0.25PbZr O3 -0.35PbTi O3 which lies close to the rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary, was investigated. The full set of materials constants, including elastic (c and s), piezoelectric (d, g, e, and h), and dielectric permittivity (ε ε0), were determined using the IEEE standards as a function of temperature ranging between 25 and 100 °C. The electromechanical coupling factors k33 and k32 were found to be 93.3% and 93.5%, respectively, with corresponding piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d32 on the order of 1530 and -1440 pCN. Together with high phase transition temperatures (TC of 216 °C and TR-T on the order of 144 °C) and high coercive field EC ∼4.6 kVcm, make PMN-PZT single crystals promising candidates for high temperature actuator and transducer applications.