Temperature measurements in heavily-sooting ethylene/air flames using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence of krypton

Colin Banyon, Matthew J. Montgomery, Hyunguk Kwon, Alan L. Kastengren, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Travis Sikes, Yuan Xuan, Charles S. McEnally, Robert S. Tranter

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

High-fidelity temperature field measurements have been made for several heavily-sooting ethylene/air flames that have historically been challenging environments for conventional optical diagnostics. These challenges have largely been overcome here by conducting x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements of a Kr fluorescent agent in the hard x-ray regime (15 keV). The current methodology presents a more economical diagnostic than a previously reported implementation of the Kr-XRF method, by limiting seeding of the expensive fluorescent agent to only the fuel stream flows. Detailed reacting flow simulations have been used to interpret experimental signals by tracking the mole fraction of the fluorescent agent in the flow field. Simulated Kr densities are in excellent agreement with measurements throughout the flow field. Temperature measurements of the flow field also agree well with simulations and recent literature studies. However, uncertainties in the measurements become increasingly large downstream of the burner surface as the krypton fraction drops due to mixing of the fuel and co-flow streams. Additionally, we demonstrate that soot particles in the heavily sooting flames studied do not impede the Kr-XRF measurements.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number112494
JournalCombustion and Flame
Volume257
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Chemistry
  • General Chemical Engineering
  • Fuel Technology
  • Energy Engineering and Power Technology
  • General Physics and Astronomy

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