The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde; Selina Brace; Morten E. Allentoft; Ian Armit; Kristian Kristiansen; Thomas Booth; Nadin Rohland; Swapan Mallick; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; Alissa Mittnik; Eveline Altena; Mark Lipson; Iosif Lazaridis; Thomas K. Harper; Nick Patterson; Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht; Yoan Diekmann; Zuzana Faltyskova; Daniel Fernandes; Matthew Ferry; Eadaoin Harney; Peter De Knijff; Megan Michel; Jonas Oppenheimer; Kristin Stewardson; Alistair Barclay; Kurt Werner Alt; Corina Liesau; Patricia Rios; Concepcion Blasco; Jorge Vega Miguel; Roberto Menduina Garcia; Azucena Aviles Fernandez; Eszter Banffy; Maria Bernabo-Brea; David Billoin; Clive Bonsall; Laura Bonsall; Tim Allen; Lindsey Buster; Sophie Carver; Laura Castells Navarro; Oliver E. Craig; Gordon T. Cook; Barry Cunliffe; Anthony Denaire; Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy; Natasha Dodwell; Michal Ernee; Christopher Evans; Milan Kucharik; Joan Frances Farre; Chris Fowler; Michiel Gazenbeek; Rafael Garrido Pena; Maria Haber-Uriarte; Elzbieta Haduch; Gill Hey; Nick Jowett; Timothy Knowles; Ken Massy; Saskia Pfrengle; Philippe Lefranc; Olivier Lemercier; Arnaud Lefebvre; Cesar Heras Martinez; Virginia Galera Olmo; Ana Bastida Ramirez; Joaquin Lomba Maurandi; Tona Majo; Jacqueline I. McKinley; Kathleen McSweeney; Balazs Gusztav Mende; Alessandra Mod; Gabriella Kulcsar; Viktoria Kiss; Andras Czene; Robert Patay; Anna Endrodi; Kitti Kohler; Tamas Hajdu; Tamas Szeniczey; Janos Dani; Zsolt Bernert; Maya Hoole; Olivia Cheronet; Denise Keating; Petr Veleminsky; Miroslav Dobe; Francesca Candilio; Fraser Brown; Raul Flores Fernandez; Ana Mercedes Herrero-Corral; Sebastiano Tusa; Emiliano Carnieri; Luigi Lentini; Antonella Valenti; Alessandro Zanini; Clive Waddington; German Delibes; Elisa Guerra-Doce; Benjamin Neil; Marcus Brittain; Mike Luke; Richard Mortimer; Jocelyne Desideri; Marie Besse; Gunter Brucken; Mirosaw Furmanek; Agata Hauszko; Maksym Mackiewicz; Artur Rapinski; Stephany Leach; Ignacio Soriano; Katina T. Lillios; Joao Luis Cardoso; Michael Parker Pearson; Piotr Wodarczak; T. Douglas Price; Pilar Prieto; Pierre Jerome Rey; Roberto Risch; Manuel A.Rojo Guerra; Aurore Schmitt; Joel Serralongue; Ana Maria Silva; Vaclav Smrcka; Luc Vergnaud; Joao Zilhao; David Caramelli; Thomas Higham; Mark G. Thomas; Douglas J. Kennett; Harry Fokkens; Volker Heyd; Alison Sheridan; Karl Goran Sjogren; Philipp W. Stockhammer; Johannes Krause; Ron Pinhasi; Wolfgang Haak; Ian Barnes; Carles Lalueza-Fox; David Reich

doi:10.1038/nature25738

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E. Allentoft, Ian Armit, Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Alissa Mittnik, Eveline Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, Thomas K. Harper, Nick Patterson, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Yoan Diekmann, Zuzana Faltyskova, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew FerryEadaoin Harney, Peter De Knijff, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Alistair Barclay, Kurt Werner Alt, Corina Liesau, Patricia Rios, Concepcion Blasco, Jorge Vega Miguel, Roberto Menduina Garcia, Azucena Aviles Fernandez, Eszter Banffy, Maria Bernabo-Brea, David Billoin, Clive Bonsall, Laura Bonsall, Tim Allen, Lindsey Buster, Sophie Carver, Laura Castells Navarro, Oliver E. Craig, Gordon T. Cook, Barry Cunliffe, Anthony Denaire, Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy, Natasha Dodwell, Michal Ernee, Christopher Evans, Milan Kucharik, Joan Frances Farre, Chris Fowler, Michiel Gazenbeek, Rafael Garrido Pena, Maria Haber-Uriarte, Elzbieta Haduch, Gill Hey, Nick Jowett, Timothy Knowles, Ken Massy, Saskia Pfrengle, Philippe Lefranc, Olivier Lemercier, Arnaud Lefebvre, Cesar Heras Martinez, Virginia Galera Olmo, Ana Bastida Ramirez, Joaquin Lomba Maurandi, Tona Majo, Jacqueline I. McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Balazs Gusztav Mende, Alessandra Mod, Gabriella Kulcsar, Viktoria Kiss, Andras Czene, Robert Patay, Anna Endrodi, Kitti Kohler, Tamas Hajdu, Tamas Szeniczey, Janos Dani, Zsolt Bernert, Maya Hoole, Olivia Cheronet, Denise Keating, Petr Veleminsky, Miroslav Dobe, Francesca Candilio, Fraser Brown, Raul Flores Fernandez, Ana Mercedes Herrero-Corral, Sebastiano Tusa, Emiliano Carnieri, Luigi Lentini, Antonella Valenti, Alessandro Zanini, Clive Waddington, German Delibes, Elisa Guerra-Doce, Benjamin Neil, Marcus Brittain, Mike Luke, Richard Mortimer, Jocelyne Desideri, Marie Besse, Gunter Brucken, Mirosaw Furmanek, Agata Hauszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Artur Rapinski, Stephany Leach, Ignacio Soriano, Katina T. Lillios, Joao Luis Cardoso, Michael Parker Pearson, Piotr Wodarczak, T. Douglas Price, Pilar Prieto, Pierre Jerome Rey, Roberto Risch, Manuel A.Rojo Guerra, Aurore Schmitt, Joel Serralongue, Ana Maria Silva, Vaclav Smrcka, Luc Vergnaud, Joao Zilhao, David Caramelli, Thomas Higham, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Harry Fokkens, Volker Heyd, Alison Sheridan, Karl Goran Sjogren, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Ian Barnes, Carles Lalueza-Fox, David Reich

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

443 Scopus citations

Abstract

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	190-196
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature
Volume	555
Issue number	7695
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738
State	Published - Mar 8 2018

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Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M. E., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K., Booth, T., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mittnik, A., Altena, E., Lipson, M., Lazaridis, I., Harper, T. K., Patterson, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Diekmann, Y., Faltyskova, Z., Fernandes, D., ... Reich, D. (2018). The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature, 555(7695), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

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title = "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe",

abstract = "From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.",

author = "I{\~n}igo Olalde and Selina Brace and Allentoft, {Morten E.} and Ian Armit and Kristian Kristiansen and Thomas Booth and Nadin Rohland and Swapan Mallick and Anna Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy and Alissa Mittnik and Eveline Altena and Mark Lipson and Iosif Lazaridis and Harper, {Thomas K.} and Nick Patterson and Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht and Yoan Diekmann and Zuzana Faltyskova and Daniel Fernandes and Matthew Ferry and Eadaoin Harney and {De Knijff}, Peter and Megan Michel and Jonas Oppenheimer and Kristin Stewardson and Alistair Barclay and Alt, {Kurt Werner} and Corina Liesau and Patricia Rios and Concepcion Blasco and Miguel, {Jorge Vega} and Garcia, {Roberto Menduina} and Fernandez, {Azucena Aviles} and Eszter Banffy and Maria Bernabo-Brea and David Billoin and Clive Bonsall and Laura Bonsall and Tim Allen and Lindsey Buster and Sophie Carver and Navarro, {Laura Castells} and Craig, {Oliver E.} and Cook, {Gordon T.} and Barry Cunliffe and Anthony Denaire and Dinwiddy, {Kirsten Egging} and Natasha Dodwell and Michal Ernee and Christopher Evans and Milan Kucharik and Farre, {Joan Frances} and Chris Fowler and Michiel Gazenbeek and Pena, {Rafael Garrido} and Maria Haber-Uriarte and Elzbieta Haduch and Gill Hey and Nick Jowett and Timothy Knowles and Ken Massy and Saskia Pfrengle and Philippe Lefranc and Olivier Lemercier and Arnaud Lefebvre and Martinez, {Cesar Heras} and Olmo, {Virginia Galera} and Ramirez, {Ana Bastida} and Maurandi, {Joaquin Lomba} and Tona Majo and McKinley, {Jacqueline I.} and Kathleen McSweeney and Mende, {Balazs Gusztav} and Alessandra Mod and Gabriella Kulcsar and Viktoria Kiss and Andras Czene and Robert Patay and Anna Endrodi and Kitti Kohler and Tamas Hajdu and Tamas Szeniczey and Janos Dani and Zsolt Bernert and Maya Hoole and Olivia Cheronet and Denise Keating and Petr Veleminsky and Miroslav Dobe and Francesca Candilio and Fraser Brown and Fernandez, {Raul Flores} and Herrero-Corral, {Ana Mercedes} and Sebastiano Tusa and Emiliano Carnieri and Luigi Lentini and Antonella Valenti and Alessandro Zanini and Clive Waddington and German Delibes and Elisa Guerra-Doce and Benjamin Neil and Marcus Brittain and Mike Luke and Richard Mortimer and Jocelyne Desideri and Marie Besse and Gunter Brucken and Mirosaw Furmanek and Agata Hauszko and Maksym Mackiewicz and Artur Rapinski and Stephany Leach and Ignacio Soriano and Lillios, {Katina T.} and Cardoso, {Joao Luis} and Pearson, {Michael Parker} and Piotr Wodarczak and Price, {T. Douglas} and Pilar Prieto and Rey, {Pierre Jerome} and Roberto Risch and Guerra, {Manuel A.Rojo} and Aurore Schmitt and Joel Serralongue and Silva, {Ana Maria} and Vaclav Smrcka and Luc Vergnaud and Joao Zilhao and David Caramelli and Thomas Higham and Thomas, {Mark G.} and Kennett, {Douglas J.} and Harry Fokkens and Volker Heyd and Alison Sheridan and Sjogren, {Karl Goran} and Stockhammer, {Philipp W.} and Johannes Krause and Ron Pinhasi and Wolfgang Haak and Ian Barnes and Carles Lalueza-Fox and David Reich",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/nature25738",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "555",

pages = "190--196",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

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Olalde, I, Brace, S, Allentoft, ME, Armit, I, Kristiansen, K, Booth, T, Rohland, N, Mallick, S, Szécsényi-Nagy, A, Mittnik, A, Altena, E, Lipson, M, Lazaridis, I, Harper, TK, Patterson, N, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Diekmann, Y, Faltyskova, Z, Fernandes, D, Ferry, M, Harney, E, De Knijff, P, Michel, M, Oppenheimer, J, Stewardson, K, Barclay, A, Alt, KW, Liesau, C, Rios, P, Blasco, C, Miguel, JV, Garcia, RM, Fernandez, AA, Banffy, E, Bernabo-Brea, M, Billoin, D, Bonsall, C, Bonsall, L, Allen, T, Buster, L, Carver, S, Navarro, LC, Craig, OE, Cook, GT, Cunliffe, B, Denaire, A, Dinwiddy, KE, Dodwell, N, Ernee, M, Evans, C, Kucharik, M, Farre, JF, Fowler, C, Gazenbeek, M, Pena, RG, Haber-Uriarte, M, Haduch, E, Hey, G, Jowett, N, Knowles, T, Massy, K, Pfrengle, S, Lefranc, P, Lemercier, O, Lefebvre, A, Martinez, CH, Olmo, VG, Ramirez, AB, Maurandi, JL, Majo, T, McKinley, JI, McSweeney, K, Mende, BG, Mod, A, Kulcsar, G, Kiss, V, Czene, A, Patay, R, Endrodi, A, Kohler, K, Hajdu, T, Szeniczey, T, Dani, J, Bernert, Z, Hoole, M, Cheronet, O, Keating, D, Veleminsky, P, Dobe, M, Candilio, F, Brown, F, Fernandez, RF, Herrero-Corral, AM, Tusa, S, Carnieri, E, Lentini, L, Valenti, A, Zanini, A, Waddington, C, Delibes, G, Guerra-Doce, E, Neil, B, Brittain, M, Luke, M, Mortimer, R, Desideri, J, Besse, M, Brucken, G, Furmanek, M, Hauszko, A, Mackiewicz, M, Rapinski, A, Leach, S, Soriano, I, Lillios, KT, Cardoso, JL, Pearson, MP, Wodarczak, P, Price, TD, Prieto, P, Rey, PJ, Risch, R, Guerra, MAR, Schmitt, A, Serralongue, J, Silva, AM, Smrcka, V, Vergnaud, L, Zilhao, J, Caramelli, D, Higham, T, Thomas, MG, Kennett, DJ, Fokkens, H, Heyd, V, Sheridan, A, Sjogren, KG, Stockhammer, PW, Krause, J, Pinhasi, R, Haak, W, Barnes, I, Lalueza-Fox, C & Reich, D 2018, 'The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe', Nature, vol. 555, no. 7695, pp. 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

AU - Olalde, Iñigo

AU - Brace, Selina

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Armit, Ian

AU - Kristiansen, Kristian

AU - Booth, Thomas

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Altena, Eveline

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Harper, Thomas K.

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen

AU - Diekmann, Yoan

AU - Faltyskova, Zuzana

AU - Fernandes, Daniel

AU - Ferry, Matthew

AU - Harney, Eadaoin

AU - De Knijff, Peter

AU - Michel, Megan

AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Barclay, Alistair

AU - Alt, Kurt Werner

AU - Liesau, Corina

AU - Rios, Patricia

AU - Blasco, Concepcion

AU - Miguel, Jorge Vega

AU - Garcia, Roberto Menduina

AU - Fernandez, Azucena Aviles

AU - Banffy, Eszter

AU - Bernabo-Brea, Maria

AU - Billoin, David

AU - Bonsall, Clive

AU - Bonsall, Laura

AU - Allen, Tim

AU - Buster, Lindsey

AU - Carver, Sophie

AU - Navarro, Laura Castells

AU - Craig, Oliver E.

AU - Cook, Gordon T.

AU - Cunliffe, Barry

AU - Denaire, Anthony

AU - Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging

AU - Dodwell, Natasha

AU - Ernee, Michal

AU - Evans, Christopher

AU - Kucharik, Milan

AU - Farre, Joan Frances

AU - Fowler, Chris

AU - Gazenbeek, Michiel

AU - Pena, Rafael Garrido

AU - Haber-Uriarte, Maria

AU - Haduch, Elzbieta

AU - Hey, Gill

AU - Jowett, Nick

AU - Knowles, Timothy

AU - Massy, Ken

AU - Pfrengle, Saskia

AU - Lefranc, Philippe

AU - Lemercier, Olivier

AU - Lefebvre, Arnaud

AU - Martinez, Cesar Heras

AU - Olmo, Virginia Galera

AU - Ramirez, Ana Bastida

AU - Maurandi, Joaquin Lomba

AU - Majo, Tona

AU - McKinley, Jacqueline I.

AU - McSweeney, Kathleen

AU - Mende, Balazs Gusztav

AU - Mod, Alessandra

AU - Kulcsar, Gabriella

AU - Kiss, Viktoria

AU - Czene, Andras

AU - Patay, Robert

AU - Endrodi, Anna

AU - Kohler, Kitti

AU - Hajdu, Tamas

AU - Szeniczey, Tamas

AU - Dani, Janos

AU - Bernert, Zsolt

AU - Hoole, Maya

AU - Cheronet, Olivia

AU - Keating, Denise

AU - Veleminsky, Petr

AU - Dobe, Miroslav

AU - Candilio, Francesca

AU - Brown, Fraser

AU - Fernandez, Raul Flores

AU - Herrero-Corral, Ana Mercedes

AU - Tusa, Sebastiano

AU - Carnieri, Emiliano

AU - Lentini, Luigi

AU - Valenti, Antonella

AU - Zanini, Alessandro

AU - Waddington, Clive

AU - Delibes, German

AU - Guerra-Doce, Elisa

AU - Neil, Benjamin

AU - Brittain, Marcus

AU - Luke, Mike

AU - Mortimer, Richard

AU - Desideri, Jocelyne

AU - Besse, Marie

AU - Brucken, Gunter

AU - Furmanek, Mirosaw

AU - Hauszko, Agata

AU - Mackiewicz, Maksym

AU - Rapinski, Artur

AU - Leach, Stephany

AU - Soriano, Ignacio

AU - Lillios, Katina T.

AU - Cardoso, Joao Luis

AU - Pearson, Michael Parker

AU - Wodarczak, Piotr

AU - Price, T. Douglas

AU - Prieto, Pilar

AU - Rey, Pierre Jerome

AU - Risch, Roberto

AU - Guerra, Manuel A.Rojo

AU - Schmitt, Aurore

AU - Serralongue, Joel

AU - Silva, Ana Maria

AU - Smrcka, Vaclav

AU - Vergnaud, Luc

AU - Zilhao, Joao

AU - Caramelli, David

AU - Higham, Thomas

AU - Thomas, Mark G.

AU - Kennett, Douglas J.

AU - Fokkens, Harry

AU - Heyd, Volker

AU - Sheridan, Alison

AU - Sjogren, Karl Goran

AU - Stockhammer, Philipp W.

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Barnes, Ian

AU - Lalueza-Fox, Carles

AU - Reich, David

PY - 2018/3/8

Y1 - 2018/3/8

N2 - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

AB - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85043325398&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature25738

DO - 10.1038/nature25738

M3 - Article

C2 - 29466337

AN - SCOPUS:85043325398

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 555

SP - 190

EP - 196

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7695

ER -

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

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