TY - JOUR
T1 - The chemistry of premixed flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes using supported catalysts
AU - Vander Wal, Randall L.
AU - Hall, Lee J.
AU - Berger, Gordon M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a NASA NRA 97-HEDs-01 combustion award (RVW) and through the NASA-Glenn Strategic Research Fund, each administered through NASA cooperative agreement NAC3-544 with the National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion (NCMR) at the NASA-Glenn Research Center. The authors gratefully acknowledge David R. Hull for the HRTEM imaging.
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - A premixed flame is used to create the reactive environment for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using stainless steel mesh supporting Co as catalyst. The CNT relative growth density morphology, and internal structure are interpreted in terms of the chemical composition of the flame gases. Different flame gas compositions are produced by varying the fuel/air equivalence ratio, φ. For φ > 1.62, carbon deposition occurs too rapidly relative to reactive etching of surface carbon by species such as H2, CO2, and H2O. For φ < 1.62, the reverse trend of insufficient carbon supply relative to the rate of carbon removal again stunts CNT growth. A value of φ = 1.62 produces CNTs with the best yield, uniformity, and graphitic structure as gauged by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Yields of up to 1% mass increase of catalyzed CNTs grown upon this catalyst-support system are measured. Initial scalability is demonstrated where CNTs can be uniformly synthesized upon catalyst-coated meshes greater than 2 cm2 in area.
AB - A premixed flame is used to create the reactive environment for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using stainless steel mesh supporting Co as catalyst. The CNT relative growth density morphology, and internal structure are interpreted in terms of the chemical composition of the flame gases. Different flame gas compositions are produced by varying the fuel/air equivalence ratio, φ. For φ > 1.62, carbon deposition occurs too rapidly relative to reactive etching of surface carbon by species such as H2, CO2, and H2O. For φ < 1.62, the reverse trend of insufficient carbon supply relative to the rate of carbon removal again stunts CNT growth. A value of φ = 1.62 produces CNTs with the best yield, uniformity, and graphitic structure as gauged by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Yields of up to 1% mass increase of catalyzed CNTs grown upon this catalyst-support system are measured. Initial scalability is demonstrated where CNTs can be uniformly synthesized upon catalyst-coated meshes greater than 2 cm2 in area.
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U2 - 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80136-5
DO - 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80136-5
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:0037899112
SN - 1540-7489
VL - 29
SP - 1079
EP - 1085
JO - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
JF - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
IS - 1
T2 - 30th International Symposium on Combustion
Y2 - 25 July 2004 through 30 July 2004
ER -