@article{49ff48ce702241ad8afbf484a6876443,
title = "The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) instrument",
abstract = "The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment is designed to investigate high-energy (1012∼1015 eV) cosmic rays over the elemental range from hydrogen to iron (1≤Z≤26), through a series of long balloon flights. Originally planned to be flown on the first of the new Ultra Long Duration Balloons (ULDB) being developed by NASA, the CREAM instrument was launched as a Long Duration Balloon (LDB) payload from McMurdo Station, Antarctica on December 16, 2004 and flew for a record-breaking 42 days. A second CREAM flight one year later lasted 28 days. The CREAM design is unique in that it obtains two independent energy measurements using a tungsten/scintillator sampling calorimeter and a Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) with up to four independent charge measurements of incident particles using a novel Timing-based scintillator Charge Detector (TCD), a plastic Cherenkov Detector (CD), scintillating fiber hodoscopes, and a Silicon Charge Detector (SCD). The energy limits are determined by trigger efficiency and telemetry bandwidth at the low end and by statistics at the high end.",
author = "Ahn, {H. S.} and P. Allison and Bagliesi, {M. G.} and Beatty, {J. J.} and G. Bigongiari and P. Boyle and Childers, {J. T.} and Conklin, {N. B.} and S. Coutu and DuVernois, {M. A.} and O. Ganel and Han, {J. H.} and Jeon, {J. A.} and Kim, {K. C.} and Lee, {J. K.} and Lee, {M. H.} and L. Lutz and P. Maestro and A. Malinin and Marrocchesi, {P. S.} and Minnick, {S. A.} and Mognet, {S. I.} and Nam, {S. W.} and Nutter, {S. L.} and Park, {I. H.} and Park, {N. H.} and Seo, {E. S.} and R. Sina and Swordy, {S. P.} and Wakely, {S. P.} and J. Wu and J. Yang and Yoon, {Y. S.} and R. Zei and Zinn, {S. Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: The work reported in this paper was funded by NASA research grants to the University of Maryland, the University of Chicago, Penn State University, and the Ohio State University, by the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology in Korea, and by INFN in Italy. The authors wish to acknowledge NASA/WFF for provision and operation of flight support systems; Art Ruitberg, Suong Le, and Curtis Dunsmore of NASA/GSFC, and Carlos Urdiales of Southwest Research Institute for assistance with HV design and potting; CERN for provision of excellent accelerator beams; the Fermi National Accelerator Lab Thin Films Group for high-quality polishing and aluminization of optical elements; and Columbia Scientific Ballooning Facility, National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, and Raytheon Polar Services Company for outstanding support of launch, flight and recovery operations in Antarctica. The TCD group acknowledges engineering contributions made by L. Engel, J. Passaneau and S. Posey. The TRD group acknowledges engineering contributions made by R. Northrop and G.A. Kelderhouse. The SCD group acknowledges contributions made by W. Han, H.J. Hyun, H.J. Kim, M.Y. Kim, K.W. Min, H. Park and K.I. Seon. The S2 group acknowledges engineering contributions made by A. Basti. ",
year = "2007",
month = sep,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.203",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "579",
pages = "1034--1053",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",
issn = "0168-9002",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "3",
}