The dust-scattered X-ray halo around Swift GRB 050724

This paper discusses the X-ray halo around the Swift γ-ray burst GRB 050724 (z = 0.258), detected by the Swift X-Ray Telescope. The halo, which forms a ring around the fading X-ray source, expands to a radius of 200″ within 8 ks of the burst, exactly as expected for small-angle X-ray scattering by Galactic dust along the line of sight to a cosmologically distant GRB. The expansion curve and radial profile of the halo constrain the scattering dust to be concentrated at a distance of D = 139 ±9 pc (from Earth) in a cloud/sheet of thickness ΔD < 22 pc. The halo was observed only out to scattering angles of 200″, for which the scattering is dominated by the largest grains, with a maximum size estimated to be a_max ≈ 0.4-0.5 μm. The scattering-to-extinction ratio was estimated to be τ_scat/A_V ≳ 0.022; this is a lower limit to the true value because contribution from smaller grains, which scatter to larger angles, was not directly observed. The line of sight to the GRB passes close to the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex, which provides a plausible site for the scattering dust.