TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke
AU - Kumari, Rashmi
AU - Willing, Lisa
AU - Kimball, Scot R.
AU - Simpson, Ian A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Diabetic Complication Consortium Grant—5U24DK076169.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. Methods: Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12–14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. Results: Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. Conclusion: The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. Methods: Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12–14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. Results: Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. Conclusion: The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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U2 - 10.1007/s43440-022-00382-z
DO - 10.1007/s43440-022-00382-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 35792967
AN - SCOPUS:85133552921
SN - 2299-5684
VL - 74
SP - 696
EP - 708
JO - Pharmacological Reports
JF - Pharmacological Reports
IS - 4
ER -