TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of liquid phase chemistry on the densification and strength of cold sintered ZnO
AU - Jabr, Abdullah
AU - Fanghanel, Julian
AU - Fan, Zhongming
AU - Bermejo, Raul
AU - Randall, Clive
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this research was provided by the European Research Council (ERC) excellent science grant “CERATEXT” through the Horizon 2020 program under contract 817615. Abdullah Jabr acknowledges the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation for the financial support during his stay at Penn State university. All authors would like to thank the Material Research Institute and its Materials Characterization Laboratory and the staff for help in the state-of-the-art experimental facilities used in this study. Julian Fanghanel is grateful for partial support from the NSF DMR-1729634. Clive Randall would like to thank NSF_FMSG (2134643) and AFOSR (FA 9550-19-1 0372) for partial support of this work and for supporting experimental costs of the work for all students and postdoctoral researchers.
Funding Information:
Funding for this research was provided by the European Research Council (ERC) excellent science grant “CERATEXT” through the Horizon 2020 program under contract 817615 . Abdullah Jabr acknowledges the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation for the financial support during his stay at Penn State university. All authors would like to thank the Material Research Institute and its Materials Characterization Laboratory and the staff for help in the state-of-the-art experimental facilities used in this study. Julian Fanghanel is grateful for partial support from the NSF DMR-1729634 . Clive Randall would like to thank NSF_FMSG ( 2134643 ) and AFOSR ( FA 9550-19-1 0372 ) for partial support of this work and for supporting experimental costs of the work for all students and postdoctoral researchers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Cold sintering is a chemo-mechanical densification process which allows densification of ceramics at low temperatures below 300 °C. This substantial reduction in the sintering temperature is enabled by an externally applied pressure and a compatible transient liquid phase. In this paper, ZnO is cold sintered using various commercial organic acids: formic, acetic and citric acid. The effect of these different transient phases on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical response is investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to explain the chemical interactions in the cold sintering process. High relative densities (∼ 96 %) were achieved by formic and acetic acid, whereas poor densification was obtained for citric acid (< 80 %), despite the higher expected solubility of zinc oxide. The higher biaxial strength found in samples sintered with formic acid compared to acetic acid (i.e. ∼90 MPa vs. ∼40 MPa) is discussed supported by fractographic analyses.
AB - Cold sintering is a chemo-mechanical densification process which allows densification of ceramics at low temperatures below 300 °C. This substantial reduction in the sintering temperature is enabled by an externally applied pressure and a compatible transient liquid phase. In this paper, ZnO is cold sintered using various commercial organic acids: formic, acetic and citric acid. The effect of these different transient phases on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical response is investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to explain the chemical interactions in the cold sintering process. High relative densities (∼ 96 %) were achieved by formic and acetic acid, whereas poor densification was obtained for citric acid (< 80 %), despite the higher expected solubility of zinc oxide. The higher biaxial strength found in samples sintered with formic acid compared to acetic acid (i.e. ∼90 MPa vs. ∼40 MPa) is discussed supported by fractographic analyses.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.071
DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.071
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85143863596
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 43
SP - 1531
EP - 1541
JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
IS - 4
ER -