@article{bb248f344eb049cdba737600edf218a5,
title = "The effect of lithium surface coatings on plasma performance in the National Spherical Torus Experiment",
abstract = "National Spherical Torus Experiment [which M. Ono, Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] high-power divertor plasma experiments have shown, for the first time, that benefits from lithium coatings applied to plasma facing components found previously in limited plasmas can occur also in high-power diverted configurations. Lithium coatings were applied with pellets injected into helium discharges, and also with an oven that directed a collimated stream of lithium vapor toward the graphite tiles of the lower center stack and divertor. Lithium oven depositions from a few milligrams to 1 g have been applied between discharges. Benefits from the lithium coatings were sometimes, but not always, seen. These benefits sometimes included decreases in plasma density, inductive flux consumption, and edge-localized mode occurrence, and increases in electron temperature, ion temperature, energy confinement, and periods of edge and magnetohydrodynamic quiescence. In addition, reductions in lower divertor D, C, and O luminosity were measured.",
author = "Kugel, {H. W.} and Bell, {M. G.} and Ahn, {J. W.} and Allain, {J. P.} and R. Bell and J. Boedo and C. Bush and D. Gates and T. Gray and S. Kaye and R. Kaita and B. Leblanc and R. Maingi and R. Majeski and D. Mansfield and J. Menard and D. Mueller and M. Ono and S. Paul and R. Raman and Roquemore, {A. L.} and Ross, {P. W.} and S. Sabbagh and H. Schneider and Skinner, {C. H.} and V. Soukhanovskii and T. Stevenson and J. Timberlake and Wampler, {W. R.} and L. Zakharov",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the technical contributions of S. Jurczynski, T. Provost, L.Guttadora, J. Taylor, S. Gifford, J. Desandro, J. Kukon, T. Czeizinger, J. Winston, L. Gernhardt, and P. Sichta. This work is supported by United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Contract Nos. DE-AC02-76CH03073 (PPPL) and DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and that of Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1063/1.2906260",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "15",
journal = "Physics of Plasmas",
issn = "1070-664X",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "5",
}