The farmers cry: Impact of heat stress on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, interaction with fungicides

Archetypal fungal resistance is marked by deform macroscopic growth on artificial medium supplemented with fungicides and the overexpression of resistance proteins weaponries at the molecular level. The interaction of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. with fungicides viz., copper oxychloride, metalaxyl-mancozeb and, mancozeb under heat-stress condition was studied. We evidence the pathogen interrelatedness to elude combine heat and fungicides stress is chiefly governed by the differential over expression of a 22.9 kDa Resistant Heat Shock Protein (RHSP) and a 26.3 kDa housekeeping protein (HKP). Of the assayed fungicides, resistant protein suppression was a function of temperature rise acting as a positive variance for copper oxychloride; and as a negative variance for mancozeb and metalaxyl-mancozeb. This first report suggests predicting field temperature prior to application of fungicide of choice is keyed to avert resistance resurgence. We infer within the context of global warming, the interaction of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi with fungicides inherently fluctuates and lends credence for the expression of adaptive RHSP responsible for its resiliency, a predicament for the farmers cry.