Abstract
IceCube is a km-scale neutrino observatory under construction at the South Pole with sensors both in the deep ice (InIce) and on the surface (IceTop). The sensors, called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), detect, digitize and timestamp the signals from optical Cherenkov-radiation photons. The DOM Main Board (MB) data acquisition subsystem is connected to the central DAQ in the IceCube Laboratory (ICL) by a single twisted copper wire-pair and transmits packetized data on demand. Time calibration is maintained throughout the array by regular transmission to the DOMs of precisely timed analog signals, synchronized to a central GPS-disciplined clock. The design goals and consequent features, functional capabilities, and initial performance of the DOM MB, and the operation of a combined array of DOMs as a system, are described here. Experience with the first InIce strings and the IceTop stations indicates that the system design and performance goals have been achieved.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 294-316 |
| Number of pages | 23 |
| Journal | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
| Volume | 601 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 1 2009 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Instrumentation
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 601, No. 3, 01.04.2009, p. 294-316.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The IceCube data acquisition system
T2 - Signal capture, digitization, and timestamping
AU - Abbasi, R.
AU - Ackermann, M.
AU - Adams, J.
AU - Ahlers, M.
AU - Ahrens, J.
AU - Andeen, K.
AU - Auffenberg, J.
AU - Bai, X.
AU - Baker, M.
AU - Barwick, S. W.
AU - Bay, R.
AU - Bazo Alba, J. L.
AU - Beattie, K.
AU - Becka, T.
AU - Becker, J. K.
AU - Becker, K. H.
AU - Berghaus, P.
AU - Berley, D.
AU - Bernardini, E.
AU - Bertrand, D.
AU - Besson, D. Z.
AU - Bingham, B.
AU - Blaufuss, E.
AU - Boersma, D. J.
AU - Bohm, C.
AU - Bolmont, J.
AU - Böser, S.
AU - Botner, O.
AU - Braun, J.
AU - Breeder, D.
AU - Burgess, T.
AU - Carithers, W.
AU - Castermans, T.
AU - Chen, H.
AU - Chirkin, D.
AU - Christy, B.
AU - Clem, J.
AU - Cowen, D. F.
AU - D'Agostino, M. V.
AU - Danninger, M.
AU - Davour, A.
AU - Day, C. T.
AU - Depaepe, O.
AU - De Clercq, C.
AU - Demirörs, L.
AU - Descamps, F.
AU - Desiati, P.
AU - de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
AU - DeYoung, T.
AU - Diaz-Velez, J. C.
AU - Dreyer, J.
AU - Dumm, J. P.
AU - Duvoort, M. R.
AU - Edwards, W. R.
AU - Ehrlich, R.
AU - Eisch, J.
AU - Ellsworth, R. W.
AU - Engdegård, O.
AU - Euler, S.
AU - Evenson, P. A.
AU - Fadiran, O.
AU - Fazely, A. R.
AU - Feusels, T.
AU - Filimonov, K.
AU - Finley, C.
AU - Foerster, M. M.
AU - Fox, B. D.
AU - Franckowiak, A.
AU - Franke, R.
AU - Gaisser, T. K.
AU - Gallagher, J.
AU - Ganugapati, R.
AU - Gerhardt, L.
AU - Gladstone, L.
AU - Glowacki, D.
AU - Goldschmidt, A.
AU - Goodman, J. A.
AU - Gozzini, R.
AU - Grant, D.
AU - Griesel, T.
AU - Groß, A.
AU - Grullon, S.
AU - Gunasingha, R. M.
AU - Gurtner, M.
AU - Ha, C.
AU - Hallgren, A.
AU - Halzen, F.
AU - Han, K.
AU - Hanson, K.
AU - Hardtke, R.
AU - Hasegawa, Y.
AU - Haugen, J.
AU - Hays, D.
AU - Heise, J.
AU - Helbing, K.
AU - Hellwig, M.
AU - Herquet, P.
AU - Hickford, S.
AU - Hill, G. C.
AU - Hodges, J.
AU - Hoffman, K. D.
AU - Hoshina, K.
AU - Hubert, D.
AU - Huelsnitz, W.
AU - Hughey, B.
AU - Hülß, J. P.
AU - Hulth, P. O.
AU - Hultqvist, K.
AU - Hussain, S.
AU - Imlay, R. L.
AU - Inaba, M.
AU - Ishihara, A.
AU - Jacobsen, J.
AU - Japaridze, G. S.
AU - Johansson, H.
AU - Jones, A.
AU - Joseph, J. M.
AU - Kampert, K. H.
AU - Kappes, A.
AU - Karg, T.
AU - Karle, A.
AU - Kawai, H.
AU - Kelley, J. L.
AU - Kiryluk, J.
AU - Kislat, F.
AU - Klein, S. R.
AU - Kleinfelder, S.
AU - Klepser, S.
AU - Kohnen, G.
AU - Kolanoski, H.
AU - Köpke, L.
AU - Kowalski, M.
AU - Kowarik, T.
AU - Krasberg, M.
AU - Kuehn, K.
AU - Kujawski, E.
AU - Kuwabara, T.
AU - Labare, M.
AU - Laihem, K.
AU - Landsman, H.
AU - Lauer, R.
AU - Laundrie, A.
AU - Leich, H.
AU - Leier, D.
AU - Lewis, C.
AU - Lucke, A.
AU - Ludvig, J.
AU - Lundberg, J.
AU - Lünemann, J.
AU - Madsen, J.
AU - Maruyama, R.
AU - Mase, K.
AU - Matis, H. S.
AU - McParland, C. P.
AU - Meagher, K.
AU - Meli, A.
AU - Merck, M.
AU - Messarius, T.
AU - Mészáros, P.
AU - Minor, R. H.
AU - Miyamoto, H.
AU - Mohr, A.
AU - Mokhtarani, A.
AU - Montaruli, T.
AU - Morse, R.
AU - Movit, S. M.
AU - Münich, K.
AU - Muratas, A.
AU - Nahnhauer, R.
AU - Nam, J. W.
AU - Nießen, P.
AU - Nygren, D. R.
AU - Odrowski, S.
AU - Olivas, A.
AU - Olivo, M.
AU - Ono, M.
AU - Panknin, S.
AU - Patton, S.
AU - Pérez de los Heros, C.
AU - Petrovic, J.
AU - Piegsa, A.
AU - Pieloth, D.
AU - Pohl, A. C.
AU - Porrata, R.
AU - Potthoff, N.
AU - Pretz, J.
AU - Price, P. B.
AU - Przybylski, G. T.
AU - Rawlins, K.
AU - Razzaque, S.
AU - Redl, P.
AU - Resconi, E.
AU - Rhode, W.
AU - Ribordy, M.
AU - Rizzo, A.
AU - Robbins, W. J.
AU - Rodrigues, J. P.
AU - Roth, P.
AU - Rothmaier, F.
AU - Rott, C.
AU - Roucelle, C.
AU - Rutledge, D.
AU - Ryckbosch, D.
AU - Sander, H. G.
AU - Sarkar, S.
AU - Satalecka, K.
AU - Sandstrom, P.
AU - Schlenstedt, S.
AU - Schmidt, T.
AU - Schneider, D.
AU - Schulz, O.
AU - Seckel, D.
AU - Semburg, B.
AU - Seo, S. H.
AU - Sestayo, Y.
AU - Seunarine, S.
AU - Silvestri, A.
AU - Smith, A. J.
AU - Song, C.
AU - Sopher, J. E.
AU - Spiczak, G. M.
AU - Spiering, C.
AU - Stanev, T.
AU - Stezelberger, T.
AU - Stokstad, R. G.
AU - Stoufer, M. C.
AU - Stoyanov, S.
AU - Strahler, E. A.
AU - Straszheim, T.
AU - Sulanke, K. H.
AU - Sullivan, G. W.
AU - Swillens, Q.
AU - Taboada, I.
AU - Tarasova, O.
AU - Tepe, A.
AU - Ter-Antonyan, S.
AU - Tilav, S.
AU - Tluczykont, M.
AU - Toale, P. A.
AU - Tosi, D.
AU - Turčan, D.
AU - van Eijndhoven, N.
AU - Vandenbroucke, J.
AU - Van Overloop, A.
AU - Viscomi, V.
AU - Vogt, C.
AU - Voigt, B.
AU - Vu, C. Q.
AU - Wahl, D.
AU - Walck, C.
AU - Waldenmaier, T.
AU - Waldmann, H.
AU - Walter, M.
AU - Wendt, C.
AU - Westerhof, S.
AU - Whitehorn, N.
AU - Wharton, D.
AU - Wiebusch, C. H.
AU - Wiedemann, C.
AU - Wikström, G.
AU - Williams, D. R.
AU - Wischnewski, R.
AU - Wissing, H.
AU - Woschnagg, K.
AU - Xu, X. W.
AU - Yodh, G.
AU - Yoshida, S.
N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: US National Science Foundation—Office of Polar Program, US National Science Foundation—Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, US Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); M. Ribordy acknowledges the support of the SNF (Switzerland); A. Kappes and A. Groß acknowledge support by the EU Marie Curie OIF Program. Throughout the conception, design, and building of this system, W. Chinowsky has provided invaluable advice and guidance. Michael Phipps and the University Program of Altera Corporation provided us with samples, development tools, advice, and technical support. We also thank the engineering and technical staff at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who were essential to the design, construction and testing of the DOM MB.
PY - 2009/4/1
Y1 - 2009/4/1
N2 - IceCube is a km-scale neutrino observatory under construction at the South Pole with sensors both in the deep ice (InIce) and on the surface (IceTop). The sensors, called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), detect, digitize and timestamp the signals from optical Cherenkov-radiation photons. The DOM Main Board (MB) data acquisition subsystem is connected to the central DAQ in the IceCube Laboratory (ICL) by a single twisted copper wire-pair and transmits packetized data on demand. Time calibration is maintained throughout the array by regular transmission to the DOMs of precisely timed analog signals, synchronized to a central GPS-disciplined clock. The design goals and consequent features, functional capabilities, and initial performance of the DOM MB, and the operation of a combined array of DOMs as a system, are described here. Experience with the first InIce strings and the IceTop stations indicates that the system design and performance goals have been achieved.
AB - IceCube is a km-scale neutrino observatory under construction at the South Pole with sensors both in the deep ice (InIce) and on the surface (IceTop). The sensors, called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), detect, digitize and timestamp the signals from optical Cherenkov-radiation photons. The DOM Main Board (MB) data acquisition subsystem is connected to the central DAQ in the IceCube Laboratory (ICL) by a single twisted copper wire-pair and transmits packetized data on demand. Time calibration is maintained throughout the array by regular transmission to the DOMs of precisely timed analog signals, synchronized to a central GPS-disciplined clock. The design goals and consequent features, functional capabilities, and initial performance of the DOM MB, and the operation of a combined array of DOMs as a system, are described here. Experience with the first InIce strings and the IceTop stations indicates that the system design and performance goals have been achieved.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=61649104021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=61649104021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.001
DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:61649104021
SN - 0168-9002
VL - 601
SP - 294
EP - 316
JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
IS - 3
ER -