The industrialization of agriculture: Implications for public concern and environmental consequences of Intensive Livestock Operations

Current conflicts over Intensive Livestock Operations (ILOs)² can be better understood in the context of the history of the animal agricultural sector. Part of the controversy emanates from the expanded scale of animal production facilities, while other parts stem from the practice of animal agriculture at new locations. Thus, it is necessary to understand both the industrialization process and its indirect impact on the regional and national structure of the animal industries since World War II. This paper provides historical background on the industrialization of animal agriculture that has led to current public concern and conflict over ILOs. Specifically, this paper addresses: 1. When and where did industrialized agriculture and ILOs come into being, and 2. What are the driving forces behind the agricultural industrialization process?.