The inescapable conundrum of klippel-feil syndrome airway: Case reports

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital anomaly that is characterized by short neck, low posterior hairline, and restricted neck movements, all of which lead to the possibility of a difficult airway. These patients often have associated multiple systemic anomalies, which add to the challenges in anesthetic management. We describe the anesthetic management of 3 patients with KFS: 2 who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy and 1 patient who underwent vaginoplasty at our institute. Careful planning and preparedness for difficult airway and thorough knowledge of associated comorbidities are key to successful management of patients with KFS.