@article{fb651b16dca04f61b2d86be5212fc4b7,
title = "The negros congos of Panama: Afro-Hispanic Creole Language and Culture",
author = "Lipski, {John M.}",
note = "Funding Information: 1. The research for this study was carried out in late 1983 and early 1984, in the following villages of the costa arriba: Portobelo, Nombre de Dios, Viento Frio, Maria Chiquita, Cacique, and Palenque. Partial funding for the research was provided by a limited grant-in-aid by the University of Houston. I am particularly grateful to Prof. Aminta Nu{\~n}ez, of the Instituto Nacional de Cultura, to Blasina Molinar, corregidora of Nombre de Dios, to Angelina Aguilar, mayor of Portobelo, and to Dra. Soledad F. de Epifanio, of the University of Panama. Naturally, the greatest debt is owed to the many informants, who graciously shared their homes, their time, and their language with me. Dr. Luz Graciela Joly kindly supplied me with materials involving congo speech of the costa abajo, whose linguistic characteristics are considerably different from those of the villages of the costa arriba for reasons too compex to be discussed here. Dr. Patricia Drolet, currently teaching in Costa Rica, also furnished me with corroborative data on some of the most distant towns of the costa arriba. Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "1986",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1177/002193478601600405",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "409--428",
journal = "Journal of Black Studies",
issn = "0021-9347",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "4",
}