TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of Li 2CO 3 and PbO in the low-temperature sintering of Sr, K, Nb (SKN)-doped PZT
AU - Donnelly, Niall J.
AU - Shrout, Thomas R.
AU - Randall, Clive A.
PY - 2009/6
Y1 - 2009/6
N2 - It is demonstrated that the use of ∼0.9 mol% Li 2CO 3 (LC) as a sintering aid for Sr, K, Nb modified Pb(Zr 1-x,Ti x)O 3 (PZT) ceramics is effective only in the presence of excess PbO (∼2 mol%). It is shown that LC and PbO react to form the compound, Li 2PbO 3 (LPO) which has a melting temperature of ∼836°C. Using dilatometry, we were able to correlate shrinkage during heating of a green ceramic to the melting of the LPO. Consequently, complete densification and sizeable grain growth are achieved by solution-precipitation of the ceramic through the liquid phase. Importantly, sintering is not particularly effective with such small additions of either LC or PbO alone. In confirmation of this model, the LPO compound was presynthesized and used as the only sintering aid in the same PZT composition. The densification behavior of this mixture compared well with the case of separate additions.
AB - It is demonstrated that the use of ∼0.9 mol% Li 2CO 3 (LC) as a sintering aid for Sr, K, Nb modified Pb(Zr 1-x,Ti x)O 3 (PZT) ceramics is effective only in the presence of excess PbO (∼2 mol%). It is shown that LC and PbO react to form the compound, Li 2PbO 3 (LPO) which has a melting temperature of ∼836°C. Using dilatometry, we were able to correlate shrinkage during heating of a green ceramic to the melting of the LPO. Consequently, complete densification and sizeable grain growth are achieved by solution-precipitation of the ceramic through the liquid phase. Importantly, sintering is not particularly effective with such small additions of either LC or PbO alone. In confirmation of this model, the LPO compound was presynthesized and used as the only sintering aid in the same PZT composition. The densification behavior of this mixture compared well with the case of separate additions.
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U2 - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03073.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03073.x
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:66949141475
SN - 0002-7820
VL - 92
SP - 1203
EP - 1207
JO - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
IS - 6
ER -