TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of varroa mites in infections of Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) in honey bees
AU - Shen, Miaoqing
AU - Yang, Xiaolong
AU - Cox-Foster, Diana
AU - Cui, Liwang
N1 - Funding Information:
We want to thank Owen Thompson for technical assistance and Dr. Don Stoltz for providing the anti-V4 antibody. We appreciate the help and advice of Dr. Scott Camazine in the initiation of the project. This research was supported by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.
PY - 2005/11/10
Y1 - 2005/11/10
N2 - To determine the roles of varroa mites in activating or vectoring viral infections, we performed quantitative comparison of viral infections between bees with and without mites by dot blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Under natural and artificial mite infestations, bee pupae contained significantly higher levels of Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) RNAs and KBV structural proteins than mite-free pupae. Moreover, in mite-infested bee pupae, DWV had amplified to extremely high titers with viral genomic RNA being clearly visible after separation of total bee RNA in agarose gels. Linear regression analysis has shown a positive correlation between the number of mites introduced and the levels of viral RNAs. The detection of viral RNAs in the nymph and adult mites underline the possible role of varroa in virus transmission. However, most groups of virus-free adult mites (9/12) were associated with bee pupae heavily infected by viruses, suggesting that the elevated viral titers in mite-infested pupae more likely resulted from activated viral replication. Based on these observations and our concurrent research demonstrating suppressed immune responses in bees infested with mites, we propose that parasitization by varroa suppresses the immunity of honey bees, leading to activation of persistent, latent viral infection.
AB - To determine the roles of varroa mites in activating or vectoring viral infections, we performed quantitative comparison of viral infections between bees with and without mites by dot blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Under natural and artificial mite infestations, bee pupae contained significantly higher levels of Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) RNAs and KBV structural proteins than mite-free pupae. Moreover, in mite-infested bee pupae, DWV had amplified to extremely high titers with viral genomic RNA being clearly visible after separation of total bee RNA in agarose gels. Linear regression analysis has shown a positive correlation between the number of mites introduced and the levels of viral RNAs. The detection of viral RNAs in the nymph and adult mites underline the possible role of varroa in virus transmission. However, most groups of virus-free adult mites (9/12) were associated with bee pupae heavily infected by viruses, suggesting that the elevated viral titers in mite-infested pupae more likely resulted from activated viral replication. Based on these observations and our concurrent research demonstrating suppressed immune responses in bees infested with mites, we propose that parasitization by varroa suppresses the immunity of honey bees, leading to activation of persistent, latent viral infection.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.012
DO - 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 16109435
AN - SCOPUS:27444446712
SN - 0042-6822
VL - 342
SP - 141
EP - 149
JO - Virology
JF - Virology
IS - 1
ER -