The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils

P. Sorensen; A. Manzur; C. E. Dahl; J. Angle; E. Aprile; F. Arneodo; L. Baudis; A. Bernstein; A. Bolozdynya; L. C.C. Coelho; L. DeViveiros; A. D. Ferella; L. M.P. Fernandes; S. Fiorucci; R. J. Gaitskell; K. L. Giboni; R. Gomez; R. Hasty; L. Kastens; J. Kwong; J. A.M. Lopes; N. Madden; A. Manalaysay; D. N. McKinsey; M. E. Monzani; K. Ni; U. Oberlack; J. Orboeck; G. Plante; R. Santorelli; J. M.F. dos Santos; P. Shagin; T. Shutt; S. Schulte; C. Winant; M. Yamashita

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils

P. Sorensen, A. Manzur, C. E. Dahl, J. Angle, E. Aprile, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, L. C.C. Coelho, L. DeViveiros, A. D. Ferella, L. M.P. Fernandes, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, K. L. Giboni, R. Gomez, R. Hasty, L. Kastens, J. KwongJ. A.M. Lopes, N. Madden, A. Manalaysay, D. N. McKinsey, M. E. Monzani, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Orboeck, G. Plante, R. Santorelli, J. M.F. dos Santos, P. Shagin, T. Shutt, S. Schulte, C. Winant, M. Yamashita

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Abstract

XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S 1) and ionization signal (S 2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield L_eff and the absolute ionization yield Q_y, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of L_eff is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our L_eff measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is ∼ 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield Q_y is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield Q_y is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	339-346
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	601
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197
State	Published - Apr 1 2009

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

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Sorensen, P., Manzur, A., Dahl, C. E., Angle, J., Aprile, E., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Coelho, L. C. C., DeViveiros, L., Ferella, A. D., Fernandes, L. M. P., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Giboni, K. L., Gomez, R., Hasty, R., Kastens, L., ... Yamashita, M. (2009). The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 601(3), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

@article{a27537080c95489cbe1efd7bb6cf5dfb,

title = "The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils",

abstract = "XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S 1) and ionization signal (S 2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield Leff and the absolute ionization yield Qy, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of Leff is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our Leff measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is ∼ 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield Qy is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield Qy is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold.",

author = "P. Sorensen and A. Manzur and Dahl, {C. E.} and J. Angle and E. Aprile and F. Arneodo and L. Baudis and A. Bernstein and A. Bolozdynya and Coelho, {L. C.C.} and L. DeViveiros and Ferella, {A. D.} and Fernandes, {L. M.P.} and S. Fiorucci and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and Giboni, {K. L.} and R. Gomez and R. Hasty and L. Kastens and J. Kwong and Lopes, {J. A.M.} and N. Madden and A. Manalaysay and McKinsey, {D. N.} and Monzani, {M. E.} and K. Ni and U. Oberlack and J. Orboeck and G. Plante and R. Santorelli and {dos Santos}, {J. M.F.} and P. Shagin and T. Shutt and S. Schulte and C. Winant and M. Yamashita",

note = "Funding Information: We are thankful to LNGS for their support during the commissioning and operation of XENON10, and Yale University Biomedical High Performance Computing Center where the simulations were performed. This work was funded by NSF Grants nos. PHY-03-02646 and PHY-04-00596, the CAREER Grant no. PHY-0542066, the DOE Grant no. DE-FG02-91ER40688, NIH Grant no. RR19895, by the Swiss National Foundation SNF Grant no. 20-118119, by the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) and by the FCT Grant no. POCI/FIS/60534/2004 (Portugal).",

year = "2009",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "601",

pages = "339--346",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "3",

}

Sorensen, P, Manzur, A, Dahl, CE, Angle, J, Aprile, E, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Coelho, LCC, DeViveiros, L, Ferella, AD, Fernandes, LMP, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Giboni, KL, Gomez, R, Hasty, R, Kastens, L, Kwong, J, Lopes, JAM, Madden, N, Manalaysay, A, McKinsey, DN, Monzani, ME, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Orboeck, J, Plante, G, Santorelli, R, dos Santos, JMF, Shagin, P, Shutt, T, Schulte, S, Winant, C & Yamashita, M 2009, 'The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 601, no. 3, pp. 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

TY - JOUR

T1 - The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Manzur, A.

AU - Dahl, C. E.

AU - Angle, J.

AU - Aprile, E.

AU - Arneodo, F.

AU - Baudis, L.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Bolozdynya, A.

AU - Coelho, L. C.C.

AU - DeViveiros, L.

AU - Ferella, A. D.

AU - Fernandes, L. M.P.

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Giboni, K. L.

AU - Gomez, R.

AU - Hasty, R.

AU - Kastens, L.

AU - Kwong, J.

AU - Lopes, J. A.M.

AU - Madden, N.

AU - Manalaysay, A.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Ni, K.

AU - Oberlack, U.

AU - Orboeck, J.

AU - Plante, G.

AU - Santorelli, R.

AU - dos Santos, J. M.F.

AU - Shagin, P.

AU - Shutt, T.

AU - Schulte, S.

AU - Winant, C.

AU - Yamashita, M.

N1 - Funding Information: We are thankful to LNGS for their support during the commissioning and operation of XENON10, and Yale University Biomedical High Performance Computing Center where the simulations were performed. This work was funded by NSF Grants nos. PHY-03-02646 and PHY-04-00596, the CAREER Grant no. PHY-0542066, the DOE Grant no. DE-FG02-91ER40688, NIH Grant no. RR19895, by the Swiss National Foundation SNF Grant no. 20-118119, by the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) and by the FCT Grant no. POCI/FIS/60534/2004 (Portugal).

PY - 2009/4/1

Y1 - 2009/4/1

N2 - XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S 1) and ionization signal (S 2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield Leff and the absolute ionization yield Qy, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of Leff is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our Leff measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is ∼ 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield Qy is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield Qy is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold.

AB - XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S 1) and ionization signal (S 2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield Leff and the absolute ionization yield Qy, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of Leff is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our Leff measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is ∼ 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield Qy is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield Qy is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=61649106281&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=61649106281&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:61649106281

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 601

SP - 339

EP - 346

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 3

ER -

The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils

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