The value of using multiple methods: An illustration using survey, focus group, and Delphi techniques

Following the lead of Denzin (1970), the authors used a triangulation strategy to develop a framework for assessing the condition of harvested nonindustrial private forests (NIPFs) and information on owners’ forest management knowledge, intentions, and objectives. The purpose of this procedure was the development of protocols to guide field investigators in their conduct of NIPF owner interviews and site evaluations. Two of the three methods, mail surveys and focus groups, provided initial insights into the forest stewardship statements of NIPF owners. Using data drawn from these procedures, the authors used a delphi process to develop specific criteria and standards for use in field application. The development and application of the resulting forest stewardship metric provide important insights into understudied areas of forestland ownership.