The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A

A. Ingram; M. Ewing; A. Marinucci; D. Tagliacozzo; D. J. Rosario; A. Veledina; D. E. Kim; F. Marin; S. Bianchi; J. Poutanen; G. Matt; H. L. Marshall; F. Ursini; A. De Rosa; P. O. Petrucci; G. Madejski; T. Barnouin; L. Di Gesu; M. Dovčiak; V. E. Gianolli; H. Krawczynski; V. Loktev; R. Middei; J. Podgorny; S. Puccetti; A. Ratheesh; P. Soffitta; F. Tombesi; S. R. Ehlert; F. Massaro; I. Agudo; L. A. Antonelli; M. Bachetti; L. Baldini; W. H. Baumgartner; R. Bellazzini; S. D. Bongiorno; R. Bonino; A. Brez; N. Bucciantini; F. Capitanio; S. Castellano; E. Cavazzuti; C. T. Chen; S. Ciprini; E. Costa; E. Del Monte; N. Di Lalla; A. Di Marco; I. Donnarumma; V. Doroshenko; T. Enoto; Y. Evangelista; S. Fabiani; R. Ferrazzoli; J. A. García; S. Gunji; J. Heyl; W. Iwakiri; S. G. Jorstad; P. Kaaret; V. Karas; F. Kislat; T. Kitaguchi; J. J. Kolodziejczak; F. La Monaca; L. Latronico; I. Liodakis; S. Maldera; A. Manfreda; A. P. Marscher; I. Mitsuishi; T. Mizuno; F. Muleri; M. Negro; C. Y. Ng; S. L. O'dell; N. Omodei; C. Oppedisano; A. Papitto; G. G. Pavlov; A. L. Peirson; M. Perri; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pilia; A. Possenti; B. D. Ramsey; J. Rankin; O. J. Roberts; R. W. Romani; C. Sgrò; P. Slane; G. Spandre; D. A. Swartz; T. Tamagawa; F. Tavecchio; R. Taverna; Y. Tawara; A. F. Tennant; N. E. Thomas; A. Trois; S. S. Tsygankov; R. Turolla; J. Vink; M. C. Weisskopf; K. Wu; F. Xie; S. Zane

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2625

The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A

A. Ingram, M. Ewing, A. Marinucci, D. Tagliacozzo, D. J. Rosario, A. Veledina, D. E. Kim, F. Marin, S. Bianchi, J. Poutanen, G. Matt, H. L. Marshall, F. Ursini, A. De Rosa, P. O. Petrucci, G. Madejski, T. Barnouin, L. Di Gesu, M. Dovčiak, V. E. GianolliH. Krawczynski, V. Loktev, R. Middei, J. Podgorny, S. Puccetti, A. Ratheesh, P. Soffitta, F. Tombesi, S. R. Ehlert, F. Massaro, I. Agudo, L. A. Antonelli, M. Bachetti, L. Baldini, W. H. Baumgartner, R. Bellazzini, S. D. Bongiorno, R. Bonino, A. Brez, N. Bucciantini, F. Capitanio, S. Castellano, E. Cavazzuti, C. T. Chen, S. Ciprini, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, N. Di Lalla, A. Di Marco, I. Donnarumma, V. Doroshenko, T. Enoto, Y. Evangelista, S. Fabiani, R. Ferrazzoli, J. A. García, S. Gunji, J. Heyl, W. Iwakiri, S. G. Jorstad, P. Kaaret, V. Karas, F. Kislat, T. Kitaguchi, J. J. Kolodziejczak, F. La Monaca, L. Latronico, I. Liodakis, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, A. P. Marscher, I. Mitsuishi, T. Mizuno, F. Muleri, M. Negro, C. Y. Ng, S. L. O'dell, N. Omodei, C. Oppedisano, A. Papitto, G. G. Pavlov, A. L. Peirson, M. Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pilia, A. Possenti, B. D. Ramsey, J. Rankin, O. J. Roberts, R. W. Romani, C. Sgrò, P. Slane, G. Spandre, D. A. Swartz, T. Tamagawa, F. Tavecchio, R. Taverna, Y. Tawara, A. F. Tennant, N. E. Thomas, A. Trois, S. S. Tsygankov, R. Turolla, J. Vink, M. C. Weisskopf, K. Wu, F. Xie, S. Zane

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Abstract

We present an X-ray spectro-polarimetric analysis of the bright Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the source for ∼500 ks, supported by XMM-Newton (∼60 ks) and NuSTAR (∼80 ks) exposures. We detect polarization in the 2-8 keV band with 2.97σ confidence. We report a polarization degree of 3.3 ± 1.1 per cent and a polarization angle of 78° ± 10° (errors are 1σ confidence). The X-ray polarization is consistent with being aligned with the radio jet, albeit partially due to large uncertainties on the radio position angle. We jointly fit the spectra from the three observatories to constrain the presence of a relativistic reflection component. From this, we obtain constraints on the inclination angle to the inner disc (<39° at 99 per cent confidence) and the disc inner radius (<11 gravitational radii at 99 per cent confidence), although we note that modelling systematics in practice add to the quoted statistical error. Our spectropolarimetric modelling indicates that the 2-8 keV polarization is consistent with being dominated by emission directly observed from the X-ray corona, but the polarization of the reflection component is completely unconstrained. Our constraints on viewer inclination and polarization degree tentatively favour more asymmetric, possibly out-flowing, coronal geometries that produce more highly polarized emission, but the coronal geometry is unconstrained at the 3σ level.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	5437-5449
Number of pages	13
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	525
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2625
State	Published - Nov 1 2023

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Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/mnras/stad2625

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Ingram, A., Ewing, M., Marinucci, A., Tagliacozzo, D., Rosario, D. J., Veledina, A., Kim, D. E., Marin, F., Bianchi, S., Poutanen, J., Matt, G., Marshall, H. L., Ursini, F., De Rosa, A., Petrucci, P. O., Madejski, G., Barnouin, T., Di Gesu, L., Dovčiak, M., ... Zane, S. (2023). The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 525(4), 5437-5449. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2625

@article{1872b67010c34f1f8ad13b539fe182d6,

title = "The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A",

abstract = "We present an X-ray spectro-polarimetric analysis of the bright Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the source for ∼500 ks, supported by XMM-Newton (∼60 ks) and NuSTAR (∼80 ks) exposures. We detect polarization in the 2-8 keV band with 2.97σ confidence. We report a polarization degree of 3.3 ± 1.1 per cent and a polarization angle of 78° ± 10° (errors are 1σ confidence). The X-ray polarization is consistent with being aligned with the radio jet, albeit partially due to large uncertainties on the radio position angle. We jointly fit the spectra from the three observatories to constrain the presence of a relativistic reflection component. From this, we obtain constraints on the inclination angle to the inner disc (<39° at 99 per cent confidence) and the disc inner radius (<11 gravitational radii at 99 per cent confidence), although we note that modelling systematics in practice add to the quoted statistical error. Our spectropolarimetric modelling indicates that the 2-8 keV polarization is consistent with being dominated by emission directly observed from the X-ray corona, but the polarization of the reflection component is completely unconstrained. Our constraints on viewer inclination and polarization degree tentatively favour more asymmetric, possibly out-flowing, coronal geometries that produce more highly polarized emission, but the coronal geometry is unconstrained at the 3σ level.",

author = "A. Ingram and M. Ewing and A. Marinucci and D. Tagliacozzo and Rosario, {D. J.} and A. Veledina and Kim, {D. E.} and F. Marin and S. Bianchi and J. Poutanen and G. Matt and Marshall, {H. L.} and F. Ursini and {De Rosa}, A. and Petrucci, {P. O.} and G. Madejski and T. Barnouin and {Di Gesu}, L. and M. Dov{\v c}iak and Gianolli, {V. E.} and H. Krawczynski and V. Loktev and R. Middei and J. Podgorny and S. Puccetti and A. Ratheesh and P. Soffitta and F. Tombesi and Ehlert, {S. R.} and F. Massaro and I. Agudo and Antonelli, {L. A.} and M. Bachetti and L. Baldini and Baumgartner, {W. H.} and R. Bellazzini and Bongiorno, {S. D.} and R. Bonino and A. Brez and N. Bucciantini and F. Capitanio and S. Castellano and E. Cavazzuti and Chen, {C. T.} and S. Ciprini and E. Costa and {Del Monte}, E. and {Di Lalla}, N. and {Di Marco}, A. and I. Donnarumma and V. Doroshenko and T. Enoto and Y. Evangelista and S. Fabiani and R. Ferrazzoli and Garc{\'i}a, {J. A.} and S. Gunji and J. Heyl and W. Iwakiri and Jorstad, {S. G.} and P. Kaaret and V. Karas and F. Kislat and T. Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, {J. J.} and Monaca, {F. La} and L. Latronico and I. Liodakis and S. Maldera and A. Manfreda and Marscher, {A. P.} and I. Mitsuishi and T. Mizuno and F. Muleri and M. Negro and Ng, {C. Y.} and O'dell, {S. L.} and N. Omodei and C. Oppedisano and A. Papitto and Pavlov, {G. G.} and Peirson, {A. L.} and M. Perri and M. Pesce-Rollins and M. Pilia and A. Possenti and Ramsey, {B. D.} and J. Rankin and Roberts, {O. J.} and Romani, {R. W.} and C. Sgr{\`o} and P. Slane and G. Spandre and Swartz, {D. A.} and T. Tamagawa and F. Tavecchio and R. Taverna and Y. Tawara and Tennant, {A. F.} and Thomas, {N. E.} and A. Trois and Tsygankov, {S. S.} and R. Turolla and J. Vink and Weisskopf, {M. C.} and K. Wu and F. Xie and S. Zane",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad2625",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "525",

pages = "5437--5449",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Ingram, A, Ewing, M, Marinucci, A, Tagliacozzo, D, Rosario, DJ, Veledina, A, Kim, DE, Marin, F, Bianchi, S, Poutanen, J, Matt, G, Marshall, HL, Ursini, F, De Rosa, A, Petrucci, PO, Madejski, G, Barnouin, T, Di Gesu, L, Dovčiak, M, Gianolli, VE, Krawczynski, H, Loktev, V, Middei, R, Podgorny, J, Puccetti, S, Ratheesh, A, Soffitta, P, Tombesi, F, Ehlert, SR, Massaro, F, Agudo, I, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Chen, CT, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, Del Monte, E, Di Lalla, N, Di Marco, A, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, García, JA, Gunji, S, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Jorstad, SG, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kislat, F, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, Monaca, FL, Latronico, L, Liodakis, I, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marscher, AP, Mitsuishi, I, Mizuno, T, Muleri, F, Negro, M, Ng, CY, O'dell, SL, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Peirson, AL, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Roberts, OJ, Romani, RW, Sgrò, C, Slane, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, DA, Tamagawa, T, Tavecchio, F, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Trois, A, Tsygankov, SS, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Wu, K, Xie, F & Zane, S 2023, 'The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 525, no. 4, pp. 5437-5449. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2625

TY - JOUR

T1 - The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A

AU - Ingram, A.

AU - Ewing, M.

AU - Marinucci, A.

AU - Tagliacozzo, D.

AU - Rosario, D. J.

AU - Veledina, A.

AU - Kim, D. E.

AU - Marin, F.

AU - Bianchi, S.

AU - Poutanen, J.

AU - Matt, G.

AU - Marshall, H. L.

AU - Ursini, F.

AU - De Rosa, A.

AU - Petrucci, P. O.

AU - Madejski, G.

AU - Barnouin, T.

AU - Di Gesu, L.

AU - Dovčiak, M.

AU - Gianolli, V. E.

AU - Krawczynski, H.

AU - Loktev, V.

AU - Middei, R.

AU - Podgorny, J.

AU - Puccetti, S.

AU - Ratheesh, A.

AU - Soffitta, P.

AU - Tombesi, F.

AU - Ehlert, S. R.

AU - Massaro, F.

AU - Agudo, I.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Bachetti, M.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Baumgartner, W. H.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Bongiorno, S. D.

AU - Bonino, R.

AU - Brez, A.

AU - Bucciantini, N.

AU - Capitanio, F.

AU - Castellano, S.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Chen, C. T.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Costa, E.

AU - Del Monte, E.

AU - Di Lalla, N.

AU - Di Marco, A.

AU - Donnarumma, I.

AU - Doroshenko, V.

AU - Enoto, T.

AU - Evangelista, Y.

AU - Fabiani, S.

AU - Ferrazzoli, R.

AU - García, J. A.

AU - Gunji, S.

AU - Heyl, J.

AU - Iwakiri, W.

AU - Jorstad, S. G.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Karas, V.

AU - Kislat, F.

AU - Kitaguchi, T.

AU - Kolodziejczak, J. J.

AU - Monaca, F. La

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Liodakis, I.

AU - Maldera, S.

AU - Manfreda, A.

AU - Marscher, A. P.

AU - Mitsuishi, I.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Muleri, F.

AU - Negro, M.

AU - Ng, C. Y.

AU - O'dell, S. L.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Oppedisano, C.

AU - Papitto, A.

AU - Pavlov, G. G.

AU - Peirson, A. L.

AU - Perri, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Pilia, M.

AU - Possenti, A.

AU - Ramsey, B. D.

AU - Rankin, J.

AU - Roberts, O. J.

AU - Romani, R. W.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Slane, P.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Swartz, D. A.

AU - Tamagawa, T.

AU - Tavecchio, F.

AU - Taverna, R.

AU - Tawara, Y.

AU - Tennant, A. F.

AU - Thomas, N. E.

AU - Trois, A.

AU - Tsygankov, S. S.

AU - Turolla, R.

AU - Vink, J.

AU - Weisskopf, M. C.

AU - Wu, K.

AU - Xie, F.

AU - Zane, S.

PY - 2023/11/1

Y1 - 2023/11/1

N2 - We present an X-ray spectro-polarimetric analysis of the bright Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the source for ∼500 ks, supported by XMM-Newton (∼60 ks) and NuSTAR (∼80 ks) exposures. We detect polarization in the 2-8 keV band with 2.97σ confidence. We report a polarization degree of 3.3 ± 1.1 per cent and a polarization angle of 78° ± 10° (errors are 1σ confidence). The X-ray polarization is consistent with being aligned with the radio jet, albeit partially due to large uncertainties on the radio position angle. We jointly fit the spectra from the three observatories to constrain the presence of a relativistic reflection component. From this, we obtain constraints on the inclination angle to the inner disc (<39° at 99 per cent confidence) and the disc inner radius (<11 gravitational radii at 99 per cent confidence), although we note that modelling systematics in practice add to the quoted statistical error. Our spectropolarimetric modelling indicates that the 2-8 keV polarization is consistent with being dominated by emission directly observed from the X-ray corona, but the polarization of the reflection component is completely unconstrained. Our constraints on viewer inclination and polarization degree tentatively favour more asymmetric, possibly out-flowing, coronal geometries that produce more highly polarized emission, but the coronal geometry is unconstrained at the 3σ level.

AB - We present an X-ray spectro-polarimetric analysis of the bright Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the source for ∼500 ks, supported by XMM-Newton (∼60 ks) and NuSTAR (∼80 ks) exposures. We detect polarization in the 2-8 keV band with 2.97σ confidence. We report a polarization degree of 3.3 ± 1.1 per cent and a polarization angle of 78° ± 10° (errors are 1σ confidence). The X-ray polarization is consistent with being aligned with the radio jet, albeit partially due to large uncertainties on the radio position angle. We jointly fit the spectra from the three observatories to constrain the presence of a relativistic reflection component. From this, we obtain constraints on the inclination angle to the inner disc (<39° at 99 per cent confidence) and the disc inner radius (<11 gravitational radii at 99 per cent confidence), although we note that modelling systematics in practice add to the quoted statistical error. Our spectropolarimetric modelling indicates that the 2-8 keV polarization is consistent with being dominated by emission directly observed from the X-ray corona, but the polarization of the reflection component is completely unconstrained. Our constraints on viewer inclination and polarization degree tentatively favour more asymmetric, possibly out-flowing, coronal geometries that produce more highly polarized emission, but the coronal geometry is unconstrained at the 3σ level.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173271012&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85173271012&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad2625

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad2625

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85173271012

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 525

SP - 5437

EP - 5449

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

The X-ray polarization of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A

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