Three labour governance mechanisms for addressing decent work deficits in global value chains

The literature on global value chains (GVCs) has identified six governance mechanisms for addressing decent work deficits (Gereffi and Lee 2016). Drawing on research in Bangladesh, Honduras and Viet Nam, this article argues that the most effective governance mechanisms are those that mitigate GVC power asymmetries. Three such mechanisms are: (1) public governance, because it harnesses the power of the State; (2) encompassing collective bargaining agreements; and (3) multi-actor global binding agreements. Variations in governance gaps in national labour relations regimes, and patterns and strategies of worker resistance will shape which mechanism most effectively addresses decent work deficits.