TY - JOUR
T1 - Towards a smart experimental arena for long-term electrophysiology experiments
AU - Jow, Uei Ming
AU - Kiani, Mehdi
AU - Huo, Xueliang
AU - Ghovanloo, Maysam
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received February 12, 2012; revised May 01, 2012; accepted July 19, 2012. Date of publication September 18, 2012; date of current version November 28, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, NIBIB, grant 1R21EB009437-01A1, and the National Science Foundation under award ECCS-824199. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor T. Constandinou.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Wireless power and data transmission have created promising prospects in biomedical research by enabling perpetual data acquisition and stimulation systems. We present a work in progress towards such a system, called the EnerCage, equipped with scalable arrays of overlapping planar spiral coils (PSC) and 3-axis magnetic sensors for focused wireless power transmission to randomly moving targets, such as small freely behaving animal subjects. The EnerCage system includes a stationary unit for 3D non-line-of-sight localization and inductive power transmission through a geometrically optimized PSC array. The localization algorithm compares the magnetic sensor outputs with a threshold to activate a PSC. All PSCs are optimized based on the worst-case misalignment, considering parasitics from the overlapping and adjacent PSCs. EnerCage also has a mobile unit attached to or implanted in the subject's body, which includes a permanent magnetic tracer for localization and back telemetry circuit for efficient closed-loop inductive power regulation. The EnerCage system is designed to enable long-term electrophysiology experiments on freely behaving small animal subjects in large experimental arenas without requiring them to carry bulky batteries. A prototype of the EnerCage system with five PSCs and five magnetic sensors achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 19.6% at the worst-case horizontal misalignment of 49.1 mm (1/3 of the PSC radius) and coupling distance of 78 mm with a mobile unit coil, 20 mm in radius. The closed-loop power management mechanism maintains the mobile unit received power at 20 mW despite misalignments, tilting, and distance variations up to a maximum operating height of 120 mm (PTE=5%).
AB - Wireless power and data transmission have created promising prospects in biomedical research by enabling perpetual data acquisition and stimulation systems. We present a work in progress towards such a system, called the EnerCage, equipped with scalable arrays of overlapping planar spiral coils (PSC) and 3-axis magnetic sensors for focused wireless power transmission to randomly moving targets, such as small freely behaving animal subjects. The EnerCage system includes a stationary unit for 3D non-line-of-sight localization and inductive power transmission through a geometrically optimized PSC array. The localization algorithm compares the magnetic sensor outputs with a threshold to activate a PSC. All PSCs are optimized based on the worst-case misalignment, considering parasitics from the overlapping and adjacent PSCs. EnerCage also has a mobile unit attached to or implanted in the subject's body, which includes a permanent magnetic tracer for localization and back telemetry circuit for efficient closed-loop inductive power regulation. The EnerCage system is designed to enable long-term electrophysiology experiments on freely behaving small animal subjects in large experimental arenas without requiring them to carry bulky batteries. A prototype of the EnerCage system with five PSCs and five magnetic sensors achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 19.6% at the worst-case horizontal misalignment of 49.1 mm (1/3 of the PSC radius) and coupling distance of 78 mm with a mobile unit coil, 20 mm in radius. The closed-loop power management mechanism maintains the mobile unit received power at 20 mW despite misalignments, tilting, and distance variations up to a maximum operating height of 120 mm (PTE=5%).
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U2 - 10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2211872
DO - 10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2211872
M3 - Article
C2 - 23853228
AN - SCOPUS:84870490508
SN - 1932-4545
VL - 6
SP - 414
EP - 423
JO - IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems
JF - IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems
IS - 5
M1 - 6305491
ER -