TY - GEN
T1 - Towards Open-Source Modelica Models for Steam-Based District Heating Systems
AU - Hinkelman, Kathryn
AU - Anbarasu, Saranya
AU - Wetter, Michael
AU - Gautier, Antoine
AU - Ravache, Baptiste
AU - Zuo, Wangda
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by an appointment with IBUILD Graduate Student Research Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and Building Technologies Office (BTO). This program is managed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE. ORISE is managed by ORAU under DOE contract number DESC0014664. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author s and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the DOE, ORNL, ORAU, or ORISE. In addition, this material is based upon work supported by the DOE s EERE under the Advanced Manufacturing Office, award number DE-EE0009139, and the BTO, contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the United States Government. This work emerged from the IBPSA Project 1, an international project conducted under the umbrella of the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA). Project 1 will develop and demonstrate a BIM/GIS and Mod- elica Framework for building and community energy system design and operation.
Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by an appointment with IBUILD Graduate Student Research Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and Building Technologies Office (BTO). This program is managed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE. ORISE is managed by ORAU under DOE contract number DESC0014664. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the DOE, ORNL, ORAU, or ORISE. In addition, this material is based upon work supported by the DOE’s EERE under the Advanced Manufacturing Office, award number DE-EE0009139, and the BTO, contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the United States Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IEEE.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This paper introduces new models of the Modelica Buildings Library for thermo-fluid simulation of steam-based district heating systems in support of design, operation, and energy analysis. Steam represents a prominent and indispensable form of energy, providing energy for 97% of district heating and upwards of 84% for some manufacturing industries in the United States. Our primary contribution is to enable modeling and simulation of complete steam heating districts that was not previously possible at large scales for industry practices. We implemented open-source models using the Modelica standard, with models ranging from base classes through complete systems. In this paper, we present the newly developed models, including their main assumptions and physical relations, and demonstrate their application for complete district heating systems featuring N ∈ [10, 200] number of buildings. Compared to district models with the commonly-adopted IF97 water/steam model and equipment models from the Modelica Standard Library, the new implementation eliminates costly nonlinear systems of equations, significantly improving the scaling rate for large districts from O( N3.5) to O( N1.7). For an annual simulation with 180 buildings, this translates to a computing time reduction from 3.4 hours to 3.6 minutes. These results are critically important for thermo-fluid simulations of large steam heating systems.
AB - This paper introduces new models of the Modelica Buildings Library for thermo-fluid simulation of steam-based district heating systems in support of design, operation, and energy analysis. Steam represents a prominent and indispensable form of energy, providing energy for 97% of district heating and upwards of 84% for some manufacturing industries in the United States. Our primary contribution is to enable modeling and simulation of complete steam heating districts that was not previously possible at large scales for industry practices. We implemented open-source models using the Modelica standard, with models ranging from base classes through complete systems. In this paper, we present the newly developed models, including their main assumptions and physical relations, and demonstrate their application for complete district heating systems featuring N ∈ [10, 200] number of buildings. Compared to district models with the commonly-adopted IF97 water/steam model and equipment models from the Modelica Standard Library, the new implementation eliminates costly nonlinear systems of equations, significantly improving the scaling rate for large districts from O( N3.5) to O( N1.7). For an annual simulation with 180 buildings, this translates to a computing time reduction from 3.4 hours to 3.6 minutes. These results are critically important for thermo-fluid simulations of large steam heating systems.
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U2 - 10.1109/OSMSES54027.2022.9769121
DO - 10.1109/OSMSES54027.2022.9769121
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85130493580
T3 - 1st International Workshop on Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems, OSMSES 2022 - Proceedings
BT - 1st International Workshop on Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems, OSMSES 2022 - Proceedings
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 1st International Workshop on Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems, OSMSES 2022
Y2 - 4 April 2022 through 5 April 2022
ER -
